Joint pricing,assortment, and inventory decisions for a retailer's product line

Consider a set of product variants that are differentiated by some secondary attributes such as flavor, color, or size. The retailer's problem is to jointly determine the set of variants to include in her product line (“assortment”), together with their prices and inventory levels, so as to maximize her expected profit. We model the consumer choice process using a multinomial logit choice model and consider a newsvendor type inventory setting. We derive the structure of the optimal assortment for some important special cases, including the case of horizontally differentiated items, and propose a dominance relationship for the general case that simplifies the search for an optimal assortment. We also discuss structural properties of the optimal prices. Finally, motivated by our analytical results, we propose a heuristic solution procedure, which is shown to be quite effective through a numerical study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

基于CSCW的机关业务协同办公系统协作多用户界面研究

简要阐述了研究CSCW系统协作多用户界面的必要性,介绍了协作多用户界面的基本概念,分析并评价了几种传统的协作多用户界面体系结构,最后以某机关业务协同办公系统的协作多用户界面的设计为例,提出了一种协同混合式体系结构及具体的实现。     

Delivery‐date and capacity management in a decentralized internal market

We study competitive due‐date and capacity management between the marketing and engineering divisions within an engineer‐to‐order (ETO) firm. Marketing interacts directly with the customers and quotes due‐dates for their orders. Engineering is primarily concerned with the efficient utilization of resources and is willing to increase capacity if the cost is compensated. The two divisions share the responsibility for timely delivery of the jobs. We model the interaction between marketing and engineering as a Nash game and investigate the effect of internal competition on the equilibrium decisions. We observe that the internal competition not only degrades the firm's overall profitability but also the serviceability. Finally, we extend our analysis to multiple‐job settings that consider both flexible and inflexible capacity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Impact of tax reduction policies on consumer purchase of new automobiles: An analytical investigation with real data‐based experiments

We investigate and compare the impact of the tax reduction policies implemented in the United States and China to stimulate consumer purchase of new automobiles and improve manufacturers' profits. The U.S. policy provides each qualifying consumer with a federal income tax deduction on state and local sales and excise taxes paid on the purchase price (up to a cutoff level), whereas the Chinese policy reduces the vehicle sales tax rate for consumers. We observe that these policy designs are consistent with the tax management system and the economic environment in the respective country. We analytically determine the effects of the two tax reduction policies on the automobile sales and the manufacturer's and the retailer's profits. Numerical examples are then used to provide insights on the importance of certain factors that influence the effects of the two policies. Finally, a numerical experiment with sensitivity analysis based on real data is conducted to compare the merits and characteristics of the two policies under comparable conditions. We find that the U.S. policy is better than the Chinese policy in stimulating the sales of high‐end automobiles, whereas the Chinese policy is better than the U.S. policy in improving the sales of low‐end automobiles. The U.S. policy is slightly more effective in increasing the profitability of the automobile supply chain; but, in general, the Chinese policy is more cost effective. The methodology developed herein can be used to evaluate other tax reduction policies such as those related to the purchase of energy‐saving vehicles and to serve as a decision model to guide the choice of alternative tax reduction policies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 577–598, 2014     

Spatial pricing and product allocation in online retailing

Spatial pricing means a retailer price discriminates its customers based on their geographic locations. In this article, we study how an online retailer should jointly allocate multiple products and facilitate spatial price discrimination to maximize profits. When deciding between a centralized product allocation ((i.e., different products are allocated to the same fulfillment center) and decentralized product allocation (ie, different products are allocated to different fulfillment centers), the retailer faces the tradeoff between shipment pooling (ie, shipping multiple products in one package), and demand localization (ie, stocking products to satisfy local demand) based on its understanding of customers' product valuations. In our basic model, we consider two widely used spatial pricing policies: free on board (FOB) pricing that charges each customer the exact amount of shipping cost, and uniform delivered (UD) pricing that provides free shipping. We propose a stylized model and find that centralized product allocation is preferred when demand localization effect is relatively low or shipment pooling benefit is relatively high under both spatial pricing policies. Moreover, centralized product allocation is more preferred under the FOB pricing which encourages the purchase of virtual bundles of multiple products. Furthermore, we respectively extend the UD and FOB pricing policies to flat rate shipping (ie, the firm charges a constant shipping fee for each purchase), and linear rate shipping (ie, the firm sets the shipping fee as a fixed proportion of firm's actual fulfillment costs). While similar observations from the basic model still hold, we find the firm can improve its profit by sharing the fulfillment cost with its customers via the flat rate or linear rate shipping fee structure.     

基于分布式天线的认知无线电系统感知算法和信道容量分析

认知无线电概念的提出为频谱的共享提供了可能。文中提出一种基于分布式天线的认知无线电系统实现方法,该方法便于频谱的感知,能降低对首要用户的干扰,并且相对于中心式天线能为次要认知无线电用户的下行链路提供较大的信道容量增益。     

高速缓冲存储器教学演示系统设计与实现

利用形象生动的动画演示来讲解教学内容是当今ＣＡＩ发展的一个重要方向。本文论述了我们设计实现的有关高速缓冲存储器工作原理的教学动画演示系统。该系统由Ｃａｃｈｅ工作过程、地址映象、ＬＲＵ替换算法、ＬＲＵ算法硬件实现等四个演示模块组成。文中介绍了这几个模块的设计思想、界面以及实现技术等。     

用户意图的网络边缘主动计算方法

互联网端到端的设计原则没有区分端系统和网络间接口,使得用户分组处理期望无法告知网络,降低了网络效能。首次提出用户转发意图概念,端系统凭此向网络通告其意图,并借助网络边缘计算能力得以执行,实现用户意图在网络节点转发决策中的主动使能,构成新型主动表意网络i-ECAN。主动表意网络可以在视频直播加速、物联网数据融合、端系统安全认证等场景中得到应用。基于CORE模拟器构建网络演示环境,对无线网络切换和基于主动表意网络的无线网络切换的延迟进行比较,证明了主动表意网络机制的合理性和可行性。主动表意网络扩展了新的端系统和网络之间的接口,为人-网协同提供了基础。     

聚碳硅烷／二乙烯基苯快速升温裂解制备Cf/SiC复合材料

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)/二乙烯基苯(DVB)为先驱体,采用快速升温裂解制备了3D-B Cf/SiC复合材料.结果证明:裂解升温速率的提高可以大大缩短制备周期,同时可以提高材料密度和形成较好的界面结合,从而提高材料的力学性能.制备得到的Cf/SiC材料室温弯曲强度达到556.7MPa.     

一种多功能微型计算机接口

文中给出一种多功能微型计算机接口,可应用于微机控制、信号测试,电路自检、故障诊断及数字信号产生等技术领域,是一种功能较强的调试、控制和测试手段,具有一定的实用价值。