核反应堆非能动系统物理过程敏感参数识别的迭代法

核反应堆非能动系统参数敏感性分析是系统可靠性不确定性分析的重要组成部分。相关系数在刻画系统物理过程的成功准则参数敏感性方面存在缺陷,针对此问题提出迭代法,其综合了输入参数与成功准则的相关系数、偏相关系数以及输入参数之间的相关系数三方面信息,通过实例验证方法的正确性和实用性。迭代法适合分析参数对成功准则的偏相关性,能识别出更为精确的敏感参数,为进一步提高非能动系统物理过程的可靠性提供参考依据。     

Drone usage by militant groups: exploring variation in adoption

Judging by recent media reporting and pronouncements by senior US military and security officials, the use of drones by militant groups is both reshaping conflict between armed non-state actors and state parties and now presents a grave and direct threat to nations in the West and elsewhere. But does this threat warrant the attention it is currently receiving? To answer this question, this article surveys how various militant groups have used drones both tactically on the battlefield and for wider strategic purposes. Closely examining how drones have been employed and by whom provides a basis for understanding variation in adoption. The article shows how drone usage or non-usage is highly contingent on the setting of the conflict, the aims of different groups, and the capacity of groups to adopt the technology. Though advances in drone technology could make the use-case more appealing for militant groups, drones will be subject to the same back-and-forth, techno-tactical adaptation dynamic between adversaries that have accompanied prior military innovations.     

Prospect theory and foreign policy decision-making: Underexposed issues,advancements, and ways forward

How much mileage can we get out of prospect theory to explain foreign policy decision-making? To answer this question, we first argue that risk as outcome uncertainty is the appropriate definition in prospect-theoretical applications. Then, we indicate that probability weighting—a crucial component of prospect theory—is typically ignored in such applications. We argue why this is problematic and suggest how to move forward. Next, we discuss how to establish the reference point in the face of outcomes in multiple dimensions, as is typically the case in foreign policy decision-making. Finally, we discuss what we have learnt regarding prospect theory’s scope conditions and the differences across individuals in the theory’s applicability. Overall, our contribution lies in identifying several underexposed or neglected issues (e.g., the definition of risk and probability weighting), in examining the advancements regarding prospect theory’s scope conditions, and in discussing avenues for further research.     

石油库站油料筹措中的灰色存储论综合模型及应用

将灰色系统理论、存储论、数理统计理论综合运用,建立综合数学模型,并将该模型运用于石油库站油料管理中,以提高库站油料管理者的决策水平。建立的多阶段油料订购模型可制定最佳油料订购方案,该模型具有通用性,具有简洁、实用、拟合精度高等特点。     

全寿命理论在油料装备科学化管理中的运用

运用全寿命理论对油料装备实施科学管理,能够节约各种经费投入,有效提高油料装备的管理效能,这对新时期军队油料装备的管理与建设具有深远意义。论述了油料装备全寿命管理的内涵和管理体系,重点分析了油料装备全寿命管理信息化与全寿命期经费管理问题,探讨了全寿命理论在油料装备科学化管理中的发展趋势。     

地磁匹配算法研究框架和组合匹配策略

以空中无人平台为背景,研究了地磁辅助惯性导航系统。分析了地磁匹配的特点,给出了一维匹配的概念。从特征空间、相似性度量、搜索空间、搜索策略等四个方面对一维匹配进行了分析,建立了一个地磁匹配方法研究的框架。通过简化惯导解算过程,将一维地磁匹配归结为一个带补偿过程的仿射变换,并提出了一种基于等值线约束的组合匹配算法。该算法兼顾了匹配的全局搜索能力和局部定位能力,能在飞行过程中在线进行。在仿真和车载实验中,对算法的匹配精度、速度、适应性进行了分析和验证,检验了算法的有效性和可行性。     

一种基于协调理论的军事决策过程建模方法

在分析协调理论应用的基础上,针对军事决策过程的建模,基于UML2.0的用例图,提出了基于协调理论的军事决策过程建模方法。应用该建模方法,有利于分析军事决策过程中的核心任务活动及其相关依赖,为指挥员实施平行决策,并发地制订和确定作战方案(Course of Action)提供依据,从而提高军事决策过程的适应性。     

基于灰色关联分析的人员密集场所消防安全评价

近年来,包括商场在内的公众聚集场所的火灾以其多发性和严重性引起人们越来越多的关注。为了控制和防范此类火灾的发生,减少其对人民和社会的威胁,对此类场所进行更为准确、高效的火灾风险评估十分必要。在模糊综合评价方法的基础上,建立了公众聚集场所的消防安全评价模型,采用灰色关联分析确定各因素的权重,并应用所建立的评价模型对某商场进行了实际评估。结果表明此方法具有很好的可行性与高效性。     

Potential impact of recharging plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles on locational marginal prices

Plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), upon market penetration, will create additional recharging loads to the electric power systems. This article considers different recharging scenarios and uses game theoretic models to study the potential impact of the recharging loads on locational marginal prices (wholesale electricity prices). Computational results from a Pennsylvania‐New Jersey‐Maryland Interconnection case study show that, under the existing recharging infrastructures, even a small magnitude of load increase caused by PHEV recharging could have a significant undesirable impact on locational marginal prices. The impact could be mitigated to a varying extent by the availability of possible future recharging infrastructures, including realtime pricing recharging meters, battery stations, or vehicle‐to‐grid technology.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

A bivariate optimal replacement policy for a cold standby repairable system with repair priority

In this article, an optimal replacement policy for a cold standby repairable system consisting of two dissimilar components with repair priority is studied. Assume that both Components 1 and 2, after repair, are not as good as new, and the main component (Component 1) has repair priority. Both the sequence of working times and that of the components'repair times are generated by geometric processes. We consider a bivariate replacement policy (T,N) in which the system is replaced when either cumulative working time of Component 1 reaches T, or the number of failures of Component 1 reaches N, whichever occurs first. The problem is to determine the optimal replacement policy (T,N)* such that the long run average loss per unit time (or simply the average loss rate) of the system is minimized. An explicit expression of this rate is derived, and then optimal policy (T,N)* can be numerically determined through a two‐dimensional‐search procedure. A numerical example is given to illustrate the model's applicability and procedure, and to illustrate some properties of the optimal solution. We also show that if replacements are made solely on the basis of the number of failures N, or solely on the basis of the cumulative working time T, the former class of policies performs better than the latter, albeit only under some mild conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010