广播星历参数星上自主拟合算法

导航星座自主导航要求卫星能自主生成导航电文,针对星载计算机的处理能力有限,引入基于遗忘因子的递推最小二乘估计算法实现快速拟合广播星历。针对导航卫星轨道偏心率近似为0,在数据拟合过程中会导致法矩阵(HTH)奇异的问题,提出基于无奇异变换的广播星历参数拟合算法,引入无奇异轨道根数代替经典开普勒根数,迭代拟合得到改进广播星历参数,再将结果归一化到基于开普勒根数的广播星历参数。利用仿真算例验证了广播星历星上自主拟合算法的合理性。     

Institutional parameters that condition farmer–herder conflicts in Tivland of Benue State,Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This conceptual review examines institutional parameters that underpin farmer–herder conflicts in Tivland of Benue State, Nigeria. Anchored on the theory of New Institutionalism, it argues that tensions and conflicts between Tiv-farmers and the Fulani-herdsmen is occasioned largely by the disarticulation of the traditional institutional norms/rules of interaction by formal political institutions expressed in land use laws, West African sub-regional protocol, human rights provision of the Nigerian constitution and the Benue State law on anti-grazing. In these contrasting institutional forms, the formal political institution is prioritised by the state while farmers and herders are divided about the institutional basis of their coexistence. Farmers who host the herdsmen demonstrate preference for traditional norms of land ownership and control while the herdsmen incline towards new political/legal instruments which they interpret, purports to give them access to grazing lands and hence an alibi for rejecting institutions that contradict their claim to access spaces for pastoralism. Thus, persisting claims to the exercise of rights to freedom of movement and access to grazing land as opposed to claims to traditional rights of ownership and control of ancestral lands explain the origin and continuity of the farmer–herder conflicts in Benue state, Nigeria.