编队对潜防御及效能评估

针对编队对潜防御的主要任务和基本原则,对编队防潜区域的划分和兵力部署进行了论述,并对编队防潜效果进行了定量计算.运用概率论知识建立了模型算法,以完好警戒舰艇数的数学期望和警戒兵力摧毁攻击潜艇的概率为效能评估指标,经定量计算得出了编队对潜防御时所需警戒兵力的数量及对潜艇的毁伤概率,并用被警戒舰艇的生存概率表征编队总的防潜效果.该模型为我海军编队防潜训练提供了理论依据,较好地满足了海上编队对潜防御兵力运用需求.     

部队作战效能综合评估法

高技术条件下局部战争的显著特点是参战单位多、对抗关系复杂、战争不确定因素增加,如何在此情况下客观评估部队的作战效能是作战研究领域一个重点和难点。通过综合运用定性分析法、网络分析法、战斗效能指数法、作战模拟及系统动力学等多种方法和理论,建立了一种可对部队作战效能进行评估的综合评估法。并以高技术条件下岛上进攻作战中装甲团的作战效能评估为例,详细介绍了该方法的实施过程,认为该综合评估法是行之有效的。     

国外先进战斗机电子对抗系统的发展

首先介绍国外F-22和F-35为代表的先进战斗机的电子战系统和其他欧洲先进战斗机的电子战系统等发展情况。对未来战斗机电子战系统的综合特点和基本功能进行了比较详细的分析和描述,最后叙述了未来战斗机的航空电子系统将设计成为一体化共平台,电子战系统与一体化的航空电子系统融合成为一个功能系统,并描述了这种先进的电子战系统的作战能力。     

装备维护系统效能评估人素系数的建模与分析

传统的系统效能评估模型中,一般不考虑人的因素。然而,在国内外航空装备的维护过程中,由于人为失误引起的系统故障却占了相当大的比重。提出对人机系统效能评估的改进模型,并建立了装备维护系统效能评估中的人素系数模型,通过对人的可用性、可信性及固有能力的分析,得出了人素系数的确定方法。此系数的确定使航空装备维护管理部门能够更合理地进行装备维护系统的效能评估,有利于更好地组织配置人力资源。     

On Growing Operating Costs in the Armed Forces

Operating costs per unit of input or output are often claimed to grow faster in defence than elsewhere in the economy. In this paper, we outline several possible reasons as to why operating costs increase at higher rates in defence, including differences in the input factor mix and productivity growth, the technological complexity required to maintain the relative effect of weapon systems and a gradual reduction in the number of units and activity. We investigate whether operating costs grow at a faster rate than elsewhere in the economy, by estimating growth in real output unit costs in the Norwegian Armed Forces for the period 1994–2013, using activity as a measure of output. We find no increase beyond general inflation in structural (fixed) costs, whereas activity-based (variable) costs per unit of activity increase significantly.     

Exact analysis of (R,s, S) inventory control systems with lost sales and zero lead time

We study an (R, s, S) inventory control policy with stochastic demand, lost sales, zero lead‐time and a target service level to be satisfied. The system is modeled as a discrete time Markov chain for which we present a novel approach to derive exact closed‐form solutions for the limiting distribution of the on‐hand inventory level at the end of a review period, given the reorder level (s) and order‐up‐to level (S). We then establish a relationship between the limiting distributions for adjacent values of the reorder point that is used in an efficient recursive algorithm to determine the optimal parameter values of the (R, s, S) replenishment policy. The algorithm is easy to implement and entails less effort than solving the steady‐state equations for the corresponding Markov model. Point‐of‐use hospital inventory systems share the essential characteristics of the inventory system we model, and a case study using real data from such a system shows that with our approach, optimal policies with significant savings in inventory management effort are easily obtained for a large family of items.     

浮式振荡立轴叶轮的三维效应影响

为研究振荡运动下立轴水轮机的三维效应影响,采用ANSYS CFX软件三维模拟立轴水轮机在不同展弦下的振荡运动（横荡、纵荡）,并与二维模拟的立轴水轮机作对比,通过最小二乘法拟合计算得到水轮机推力和侧向力系数时域结果,分析得到不同展弦比下水轮机阻尼系数和附加质量系数。结果表明：随着展弦比增大,叶轮潮流能的转换效率逐渐增大;三维振荡叶轮的水动力载荷与叶轮展长呈正相关,当展弦比达到10时其水动力载荷及能量转换效率和二维的计算结果相当;三维水轮机水动力系数常数项和阻尼项随展弦比增大而增大。     

Effect of wire tension on different output responses during wire electric discharge machining on AISI 304 stainless steel

WEDM is used in machining conductive materials where it is required to obtained complicated and intricate shapes with high accuracy. Various applications are in the field of automobile, medical industries, aerospace etc. WEDM is an economical machining option with short product development cycle. Surface roughness, kerf width, Material removal rate, Recast layer hardness and surface microhardness in WEDM are most important responses. In this paper, effect of varied Wire tension on SR, KW, MRR, RCL hardness and surface microhardness on AISI 304 have been investigated. Pulse on time, pulse off time, current and dielectric fluid are taken as fixed parameter. Results show that Wire tension influences the SR, MRR and Surface microhardness and has no effect on kerf width in case of Stainless steel 304.     

金属泡沫断裂韧性的试验研究

金属泡沫在其实际应用中,断裂性能和断裂韧性对于承载的多孔金属泡沫有着重要的意义。基于美国试验材料学会相关标准,采用三点弯曲试样测定了铝泡沫的I型断裂韧性。研究表明,金属泡沫的断裂为脆性断裂,在裂纹尖端附近,孔壁最薄弱的区域最容易发生变形;随着进一步加载,一些孔壁发生断裂,微裂纹在断裂尖端附近出现。随着载荷的增加,主裂纹在缺口根部形成或由微裂纹合并而成,并开始在多孔结构内传播。裂纹沿着结构最薄弱处传播,并产生次生裂纹和裂纹桥。裂纹总的扩展方式还是I型断裂。根据试验P-V曲线特点,取最大载荷点对应的力与位移求解出铝泡沫的裂纹尖端临界张开位移的平均值为0.051 mm。     

炮兵风险距离的仿真计算方法

现代战场非线性趋势愈加明显,炮兵火力对敌我双方以及平民都可能造成毁伤。合理确定炮兵风险距离,控制对非敌人员的杀伤风险是炮兵火力运用的重要内容。提出了炮兵风险距离的概念,并给出了仿真计算方法。首先,给出了炮兵风险距离的概念,并解释了其仿真计算原理。然后,建立了蒙特卡洛仿真模型。最后,结合实例验证了仿真计算方法的正确性。