大型超市火灾危险性及消防安全对策探析

随着大型超市的不断涌现,其消防安全问题越来越受到人们的关注。介绍了大型超市的概念,重点分析了大型超市的火灾危险性,从审验关口、安全疏散、消防设施、消防安全管理、灭火救援预案等方面提出了有针对性的消防安全对策。     

A Note on the Economics of Stolen Valor

Abstract

The economics of stolen valor concerns the act of trading on false claims of being awarded valorous military service medals. The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the 2005 Stolen Valor Act, largely on First Amendment grounds. Misrepresentation that devalues the reputation of medals for valor may not violate the revised statute despite decreasing the wage premium and discouraging investment in military effort.     

LPG储罐区池火灾危险性分析及扑救对策

综合SFPE推荐的池火灾火焰热辐射计算模型,结合热辐射伤害破坏准则,分析了LPG储罐区池火灾的危险性,应用该方法计算分析了某LPG站发生池火灾时的伤害破坏范围。根据计算分析结果,在扑救LPG储罐区池火灾的过程中,对于按照有关国家标准规定的防火距离布置的LPG储罐区,仍然需要重点冷却着火罐及相邻罐,防止长时间火焰热辐射作用导致储罐破裂,发生沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸,同时,确定了消防人员和装备的安全距离。     

Dynamic regulation on innovation and adoption of green technology with information asymmetry

This study investigates a regulator's dynamic policy to motivate firms' research on and adoption of green technology. In the proposed model, a firm makes unobservable efforts and can hide the technology's arrival from the regulator to avoid adoption costs. We find that the optimal policy follows a simple structure and induces part-time efforts, rather than the maximal effort reported in previous studies. In particular, the regulator should offer no subsidy before the arrival of a technology report, provide a one-time subsidy contingent upon that report, and always set a termination deadline. At the deadline, the firm is forced to select an external option that is associated with social costs. The optimal report-based subsidy decreases with time. Under the optimal policy, the firm works until an effort deadline, makes no effort thereafter, and reports the technology as soon as it arrives. This study also characterizes the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the optimal policy reduces to one that leads, in terms of throughout time, to effort that is maximal or minimal. Our results indicate that policymakers should implement a policy that compensates firms more in the present and less in the future.     

Properties of some stochastic orders: A unified study

The notions of the likelihood ratio order of degree s (s ≥ 0) are introduced for both continuous and discrete integer‐valued random variables. The new orders for s = 0, 1, and 2 correspond to the likelihood ratio, hazard rate, and mean residual life orders. We obtain some basic properties of the new orders and their up shifted stochastic orders, and derive some closure properties of them. Such a study is meaningful because it throws an important light on the understanding of the properties of the likelihood ratio, hazard rate, and mean residual life orders. On the other hand, the properties of the new orders have potential applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

大跨度钢结构厂房的火灾危险性及防范对策

大空间钢结构厂房具有平面布局灵活,空间利用率大,建设周期短、抗震性能好,构件制造与安装机械化程度高,可重复再利用等优点,但其在消防安全方面存在着各种先天隐患。重点分析了大跨度钢结构厂房的火灾危险性,同时有针对性的对大跨度钢结构厂房的消防监督管理措施及防火设计思路进行了论述。     

导弹系统安全性分析中的引发事件鉴别方法

引发事件鉴别是基于事故机理安全性分析的首要任务。鉴别结果是否全面、完整直接影响最终分析结果的有效性。导弹系统安全风险涉及面广、影响因素多,需要系统的可操作方法来指导引发事件的鉴别工作。针对导弹工作特点,提出考虑导弹任务剖面,运用主逻辑图对导弹进行系统性的层次化描述,对引发事件进行整理和归纳。将危险与可操作性分析引入导弹系统安全性分析中进行引发事件鉴别,结合故障模式影响分析,支持对单一故障类和参数异常类引发事件的鉴别。结果表明,所提框架为解决导弹系统安全性分析中引发事件鉴别的系统性完整性提供了可行的思路。     

The “signature” of a coherent system and its application to comparisons among systems

Various methods and criteria for comparing coherent systems are discussed. Theoretical results are derived for comparing systems of a given order when components are assumed to have independent and identically distributed lifetimes. All comparisons rely on the representation of a system's lifetime distribution as a function of the system's “signature,” that is, as a function of the vector p= (p₁, … , p_n), where p_i is the probability that the system fails upon the occurrence of the ith component failure. Sufficient conditions are provided for the lifetime of one system to be larger than that of another system in three different senses: stochastic ordering, hazard rate ordering, and likelihood ratio ordering. Further, a new preservation theorem for hazard rate ordering is established. In the final section, the notion of system signature is used to examine a recently published conjecture regarding componentwise and systemwise redundancy. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 507–523, 1999     

Studies on the flame propagation characteristic and thermal hazard of the premixed N2O/fuel mixtures

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the flame propagation and thermal hazard of the premixed N₂O/fuel mixtures, including NH₃, C₃H₈ and C₂H₄. The study provided the high speed video images and data about the flame locations, propagation patterns, overpressures and the quenching diameters during the course of combustion in different channels to elucidate the dynamics of various combustion processes. The onset decomposition temperature was determined using high-performance adiabatic calorimetry. It was shown that the order of the flame acceleration rate and thermal hazard was N₂O/C₂H₄>N₂O/C₃H₈>N₂O/NH₃.     

论软件缺陷

软件的缺陷是软件质量的重要因素之一,低缺陷密度的软件是高质量软件的必要条件。软件的缺陷是不可避免的,统计表明,经过PSP训练的软件工程师平均引入的缺陷密度为50个缺陷/kLOC。通过对软件缺陷概念及分类、产生缺陷的原因及如何避免产生缺陷、缺陷排除的分析和软件缺陷与软件故障率之间的关系的研究,探讨了如何研制低缺陷密度的软件。