NICALON SiC/Al 预制丝热膨胀特性研究

本文研究了NICALON SiC束丝纤维增强铝预制丝在15～400℃温度区间内的热膨胀特性。研究表明预制丝两次热循环后得到的膨胀曲线不一致,该曲线在15～400℃范围的平均热膨胀系数分别为3.2×10~(-6)℃~(-1)、4.1×10~(-6)℃~(-1)。本文对预制丝的热膨胀行为进行了理论分析和探讨,计算值和实验值较为符合。     

Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive

Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same time.However,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain unclear.In this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser interferometry.Lithium fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by afterburn.Combining the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the param-eters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were calibrated.This study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0％to 15％,every 5％increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3％decrease in detonation velocity.Manganin pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation pressure.The detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14％and 8％higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation front.For the recording time of about 10 μs throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12％and 2.9 μs higher than that of RDX/LiF/wax/80/15/5,respectively,indicating that the aluminum reaction energy significantly increased the metal acceleration time and ability of the explosive.Numerical simulations with JWLM explosive equation of state show that when the detonation products expanded to 2 times the initial volume,over 80％of the aluminum had reacted,implying very high reactivity.These results are significant in attaining a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism of Nano-Al in the development of aluminized explosives.     

水体富营养化危害、成因及防治

水体富营养化严重影响人类健康、可用水量、水体经济价值和水体寿命,而大量污水超标排放、农业面源污染、水产养殖业失当、周边环境恶化和底泥氮磷溶出是其形成主因。在治理和恢复富营养化水体的实践中,必须强化污染预防意识,从源头上削减污染负荷,同时选用切实可行、系统协调、针对性强的政策和措施并长期坚持实施,才能起到事半功倍的效果。     

营房室内有害气体污染预测研究

由于营房建筑、装饰材料质量不合格,施工工艺不正确等原因,引起营房室内有害气体污染,严重威胁到住用者的生命健康和部队战斗力。研究营房室内有害气体污染变化发展的规律,对营房室内有害气体污染进行准确的预测,做好预防措施,可以避免营房室内有害气体污染的发生。采用灰色预测方法对营房室内有害气体污染水平进行预测,在 GM(1,1)模型的基础上进行改进,从而建立起营房室内有害气体污染水平预测模型。通过对预测模型进行检验,证实营房室内有害气体污染预测模型能较好的预测营房室内有害气体污染水平的发展变化趋势,模型的建立是成功的。     

金属磁记忆信号表征铁磁材料变形的基础研究

为探索利用金属磁记忆技术进行再制造毛坯质量控制的方式方法,制作了18CrNiWA钢退火处理和调质处理的板状静载拉伸试件,在MTS810型液压饲服试验机上进行了拉伸试验,采用EMS2003金属磁记忆仪检测拉伸过程试件表面磁记忆信号变化,并利用OLYMPUSGX51观察了2种热处理状态的金相组织。研究结果表明:轴向拉伸载荷诱发试件产生磁有序状态,磁信号曲线在弹性和塑性变形阶段内呈现不同分布特征,磁曲线斜率Ks可以表征拉应力导致的变形程度;2种试件微观组织不同导致拉伸过程中呈现不同的力磁效应。     

功能化离子液体的合成表征及其作为润滑剂的性质

通过两步法合成了含酯基官能团的咪唑类离子液体1-乙酸乙酯基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,用核磁共振、红外光谱、元素分析对其进行了结构表征,证明了该合成方法的可靠性;对功能化离子液体的基本物化性质、熔点、热稳定性及其作为润滑剂的粘温性、蒸发损失、金属腐蚀性等进行了全面研究,并选择了含有相同烷基的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐传统离子液体进行对比,发现官能团的引入,使传统烷基咪唑类离子液体展现出不同的特性,同时发现两种离子液体均对金属表面有较强的腐蚀作用,为进一步开展功能化离子液体的摩擦学研究打下了基础。     

适用于金属物体识别的L形无芯RFID标签设计

设计了一种L形无芯射频识别标签,该标签包含6个不同尺寸的L形散射单元,利用其交叉极化方向上的反向散射场进行识别。标签基于频域特征进行编码,每个标签可携带6 bit信息。使用CST仿真软件对所设计L形无芯RFID标签进行仿真,分析了L形散射单元的尺寸变化时对标签谐振特性的影响。此外,还仿真了标签的接地板尺寸增加后的情况,证明该标签可适用于金属物体的识别或金属背景下的物体识别。     

非均匀焊接接头的力学建模与断裂分析

建立了非均匀焊接接头"4区连接"的新模型,并利用积分变换-奇异积分方程的方法,研究了焊缝区的反平面断裂问题。数值计算表明:增大界面区的刚度或者适当地增大焊缝区、热影响区和界面区的宽度都有利于降低焊缝区裂纹的应力强度因子;相对于高匹配情形而言,低匹配焊接接头焊缝区的抗断裂能力明显较高。     

Cu粉粒径及含量对Ni/MH电池负极放电性能的影响

为了提高Ni/MH电池中储氢电极的放电性能,以电解Cu粉为充填材料与活性物质混合制备电极,研究Cu粉粒径及含量对电极性能的影响。研究发现,Cu粉粒径越小,含量越高,电极的放电容量、高倍率放电性能、及在低温和高温下的放电能力均提高,且Cu充填电极的性能优于Ni充填电极。Cu充填电极中析氢反应的交换电流密度较大,过电势较小,说明其电催化活性好,电极反应阻力小。SEM分析发现,充放电循环后的Cu充填电极,其储氢合金颗粒表面覆盖着一层细小Cu颗粒和丝状物,这是电极性能提高的主要原因。     

金属带式无级变速汽车的性能仿真研究

介绍了金属带式无级变速装置的结构特点和工作原理,建立了带式无级变速汽车的仿真模 型。利用该模型可以模拟各种工况下无级变速汽车的动态特性,评价无级变速汽车的驱动性能、燃油经 济性和排放特性等,最后给出了几种典型道路循环工况下的仿真结果。