随机动态规划的混合算法研究

针对随机条件下动态规划模型的主要特点,运用智能算法混合编程理论,设计了一种探索多阶段决策问题的智能混合算法.该算法首先将问题转化成一族同类型的一步决策子问题,然后利用随机模拟和遗传算法,依据训练样本形成的训练神经元网络,在单步决策中寻求最优策略和最优目标值,逐个求解,再据初始状态逆序求出最优策略序列和最优目标值.仿真结果表明,该算法具有一定的通用性,初始设计点可以随机产生,其计算精度不因函数的非线性强弱而受影响,对目标和约束的限制较少,可应用于多种形式的随机多阶段决策优化问题,较好地满足了随机动态规划模型求解和优化的要求.     

基于混合遗传算法优化的制导炸弹BP网络PID控制器

经典的PID控制方法虽然其物理意义明确、参数调整简便,但是面对现代的过程控制对象所具有的非线性、时变和多种不确定干扰等特性,使得基于精确线性数学模型的设计思路很难直接获得满意的动静态控制效果.在BP神经网络控制的基础上,采用混合遗传算法优化BP反向传播权系数值,推导了算法过程,设计了基于混合遗传算法优化的制导炸弹BP网络PID控制器.最后,以某制导炸弹纵向通道设计为例,仿真结果表明控制器能使得制导炸弹准确命中目标,并且具有较好的鲁棒性能.     

军用电传动车辆混合动力系统能量管理技术

混合动力系统是军用电传动车辆具有优越性能的基础,能量管理技术则负责实现负载需求在系统中各动力源间的合理分流及部件的优化控制,是军用车辆混合动力系统研究的关键技术之一。分析了军用车辆混合动力系统的特点,研究了其对系统能量管理的影响,总结了当前能量管理技术研究现状,最终,针对当前能量管理技术存在的问题提出了相应的解决方案。     

基于球齿轮的新型轮腿复合式移动平台设计研究

复合式移动系统是当前移动机器人研究的热点之一.总结了已有的一些轮-腿复合式移动系统的研究成果及结构特点,提出一种基于球齿轮机构的新型轮-腿复合式移动平台的结构设计方案,这种新型移动平台的轮腿机构具有不同于已有轮-腿复合式移动系统独特的运动特征,在结构上可实现"轮"、"腿"的真正融合,使得平台具有轮式、腿式和轮-腿复合三种移动模式,可实现直行、斜行、小半径转弯甚至原地转弯等多种运动姿态.对轮腿机构进行了计算机虚拟模型运动仿真研究,并对平台样机进行了姿态调整实验,结果表明这种新型移动平台能够实现设定的多种复杂运动姿态.     

一种基于低扩散通量分裂方法的WENO格式研究

将低扩散通量分裂格式(LDFSS)和加权基本无振荡格式(WENO)相结合,构造出一种混合格式,其中WENO格式用于物理量重构,而LDFSS用于通量分裂。采用这种格式对Riemann问题、钝头体高超声速无粘绕流流场进行了计算,并对超声速平板湍流边界层进行了混合LES/RANS模拟,计算结果表明:相对于采用Lax-Fridrichs分裂的WENO格式来说,这种混合格式对于激波和接触间断的分辨率更高,并且在标量保正性方面更优,收敛性更好;而相对于采用带有Minmod限制器的MUSCL方法进行物理量高阶重构的LDFSS格式来说,这种混合格式在混合模拟的计算中能够更好地反映湍流流场的脉动特性,计算得到的湍流速度脉动量的统计值更加准确。     

异构混合存储的软硬件协同数据放置策略

分析比较当前大数据中心典型混合存储架构,针对其不能综合运用存储管理系统和存储设备优势的问题,提出软硬件协同的数据放置策略,同时考虑软件层混合存储管理系统和硬件层混合存储设备的特点,根据应用特性为数据选择合适的存储管理系统和设备。面向不同应用场景,提出运行前规划存储路径的静态放置模式和运行中规划存储路径的动态放置模式。基于存储管理系统和设备性能参数建模,采用仿真方法实现各数据放置策略,并运行实际应用中的三类负载进行实验测试,结果表明采用软硬件协同的数据放置策略相比只考虑存储管理系统和存储设备的数据放置策略,性能可以提高近30%。     

From Westphalian Failure to Heterarchic Governance in MENA: The Case of Syria

Abstract

The problematic export of the Westphalian system to MENA is examined, taking Syria as exemplar. The export model is juxtaposed to actual non-lineal trajectories, semi-sovereignty and hybrid or failing states. This is manifested in post-uprising Syria in failing statehood, fragmented and overlapping governance, permeable and collapsing borders, the loss of sovereignty to trans-state movements, “competitive regime-building” between the Asad regime and jihadist warlords, and “competitive interventionism” by external powers filling the governance vacuum with their own proxies. The result is heterarchic zones of limited statehood in which state sovereignty is contested by both international (supra-state) penetration and sub-state fragmentation.     

集中控制混合网络中基于流的资源分配算法

集中控制混合网络中,异构化网络内部的流量具有一定的规律和特性,如果使用原有的单一的离散式最大极值和无状态的网络资源调度算法,忽略了异构网络规律,会造成网络利用率较低、易震荡、部分网络流延迟等问题。通过分析由集中控制网络和普通网络组成的混合网络的拓扑结构,对混合网络结构中常见问题如流闪现、不能估计的流、路径堵塞或连接震荡场景进行分析,并提出基于期望和状态的流量评价资源规划算法POS和POS-FME。算法考虑混合网络的运行状态,对系统可用资源进行评估,为系统中各种流匹配对应可用资源,并具有一定的预测作用,从而避免混合网络出现运行效率低下的场景。通过实验,POS算法和POS-FME算法相对传统算法,利用率提高了10%～30%,并降低了震荡和平均延迟。     

The subversion of the Bulgarian defence system – the Russian way

Russia has long been pursuing an intended and calculated policy of keeping enough influence in Bulgaria in order to have control over national decisions. Together with the economic, energy, political and information tools used by Russia in its hybrid war against Bulgaria and in its bid to achieve an enduring “state capture,” defence is also a distinct target of Russian subversion now. A list of noticeable subversive actions with tangible effects can be summarised, ranging from fuelling division and manipulating public opinion, preventing the strengthening of the NATO position in the Black Sea, sabotaging defence reform to various options of subverting the modernisation of the Bulgarian Armed Forces and seeking new ways to keep legacy Soviet military equipment in operation as long as possible. This issue must be urgently addressed both nationally and in NATO.     

Violence in context: Mapping the strategies and operational art of irregular warfare

The malaise that the United States, and the West, have experienced in recent campaigns stems in large part from unclear thinking about war, its political essence, and the strategies needed to join the two. Instead, analysis and response are predicated on entrenched theoretical concepts with limited practical utility. The inadequacy of understanding has spawned new, and not so new, terms to capture unanticipated trends, starting with the re-discovery of “insurgency” and “counterinsurgency” and leading to discussion of “hybrid threats” and “gray-zone” operations. New terminology can help, but the change must go deeper. Challenging analytical orthodoxy, this article sets out a unifying approach for the study of political violence, or more accurately: violent politics. It provides a conceptual foundation that helps to make sense of recent shifts in warfare. In effect, it offers sorely needed theoretical insights into the nature of strategy and guides the process of responding to nontraditional threats.