高速旋转弹位置与姿态测量数据分析方法

精确的弹箭位置与姿态测量数据是提高制导弹箭射击精度的基础。通过分析高速旋转弹位置与姿态传感器的量测噪声,采用卡尔曼滤波方法进行误差估计,以提高测量精度。基于高速旋转弹质心运动和角运动方程,建立了系统状态方程;根据全球定位系统和地磁传感器的测量原理,建立了量测方程;以某弹飞行数据为例,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和无味卡尔曼滤波(UKF)分别对弹箭的位置和姿态进行最优估计。仿真结果表明,采用上述方法可有效减少系统误差,并使综合误差进一步降低,射程与高度误差均控制在±1 m,攻角和侧滑角误差分别为±0.02 rad和±0.01 rad,可满足工程应用的要求。     

增程修正弹单炮多发同时弹着火控技术研究

针对大口径火炮使用增程修正弹打远修近问题,建立了增程修正弹单炮多发同时弹着的控制算法,仿真验证了算法可在不同射程上实现单炮多发同时弹着,对发挥舰炮作战效能具有一定的意义。     

速射转管炮射击精度的影响因素及对策

速射转管炮作为近程反导武器系统的重要一员,射击精度影响着其最终防御效果,通过对速射转管炮特点及其射击偏差机理的分析,研究了转管炮射击过程中身管转速、弹丸初速等多种因素对射击精度的影响,并在转管炮初始设计、弹道模型和校射等方面提出了修正误差、提高射击精度的方法。     

An experiment evaluating how the tiny mass eccentricities in spin-stabilized projectiles affect the position of impact points

This study investigates and quantifies some possible sources affecting the position of impact points of small caliber spin-stabilized projectiles (such as 12.7 mm bullets). A comparative experiment utilizing the control variable method was designed to figure out the influence of tiny eccentric centroids on the projectiles. The study critically analyzes data obtained from characteristic parameter measurements and precision trials. It also combines Sobol's algorithm with an artificial intelligence algorithm—Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS)—in order to conduct global sensitivity analysis and determine which parameters were most influential. The results indicate that the impact points of projectiles with an entry angle of 0° deflected to the left to that of projectiles with an entry angle of 90°. The difference of the mean coordinates of impact points was about 12.61 cm at a target range of 200 m. Variance analysis indicated that the entry angle — i.e. the initial position of mass eccentricity — had a notable influence. After global sensitivity analysis, the significance of the effect of mass eccentricity was confirmed again and the most influential factors were determined to be the axial moment and transverse moment of inertia (Izz Iyy), the mass of a projectile (m), the distance between nose and center of mass along the symmetry axis for a projectile (Lm), and the eccentric distance of the centroid (Lr). The results imply that the control scheme by means of modifying mass center (moving mass or mass eccentricity) is promising for designing small-caliber spin-stabilized projectiles.     

Firm embedding behavior of annular grooved projectiles impacting ductile metal targets

Annular grooved projectiles (AGPs) have drawn ongoing concerns as an advanced penetrator for their excellent anti-rebound capability in impacting metal plates. They could become embedded solidly in the target surface during low-velocity impact. In this investigation, the firm embedding behavior of AGP was observed by impact experiments. Corresponding numerical simulations provided a better understanding of this process. Experimental and numerical results indicated that the firm embedding behavior of AGP was mainly due to the filling-material in the groove rather than the friction between the projectile and target, unlike traditional shape such as conical projectile. According to observation, firm embedding process can generally be subdivided into four stages: initial-cratering stage, groove-filling stage, filling-material failure stage and rebound vibration stage. Moreover, the damage mechanics of target material around crater was obtained through microscopic tests. A comparison of the cross-sectional figures between the experiment and simulation proved that the analysis and the proposed method were reasonable and feasible, which further demonstrated that the firm embedding behavior has application potential in new concept warheads.     

舰炮一维弹道修正弹对岸校射方法研究

一维弹道修正弹是近年来兵器领域新研制的一种低成本信息化弹药,目前对其校射方法尚未有成熟的标准。为此,在分析一维弹道修正弹对岸射击工作原理、计算有无控弹试射的基础上,提出舰炮武器系统使用有控一维弹道修正弹的校射新方法,并确定了校射的组数和发数。分别对使用新方法前后的射击效能进行了数值仿真,结果表明本方法能极大地提高舰炮武器系统的射击效能。所提方法对舰炮武器作战效能的提高具有较强的理论价值和一定的参考意义。     

火炮身管锥度对弹丸起始扰动的影响分析

火炮身管设计时,根据强度理论有一段圆锥段,身管圆锥段锥度的大小影响近炮口段身管刚度的大小,刚度大小对于弹丸起始扰动的影响规律值得进行研究。针对这一问题,建立某大口径火炮弹炮耦合全炮动力学有限元模型,计算不同工况下锥度为c=0°、c=0.38°、c=0.73°和c=1.17°时弹丸膛内的运动规律。分析结果表明,对建立的某大口径火炮而言,在保证身管质量、质心不变的前提下,身管锥度越小,即身管近炮口段越粗,身管近炮口段刚度越大,越有利于减小弹丸起始扰动。     

旋转自稳定末敏子弹运动特性分析

为研究某型旋转自稳定末敏子弹运动特性,充分考虑末敏子弹的结构强非对称特点和其初始抛撒条件,引入动不平衡弹体模型,推导超大攻角条件下子弹的空间6自由度弹道方程,计算分析子弹的稳态扫描运动特性。结果表明:子弹体的质量分布非对称和初始抛撒角速度是子弹药实现稳态扫描运动的必要条件;子弹扫描频率只由抛撒角速度ω_(σ0)决定,且和ω_(σ0)正相关;初始俯仰角φ_(a0)≥0°时,扫描角整体呈增大趋势,初始俯仰角φ_(a0)0°时,扫描角整体变化趋势为先减小后增大;扫描面积与配重-全弹质量比、初始俯仰角、初始偏航角和初始角速度呈正相关,与均质圆柱体转动惯量比呈负相关。     

Moving horizon based wavelet de-noising method of dual-observed geomagnetic signal for nonlinear high spin projectile roll positioning

Phase-frequency characteristics of approximate sinusoidal geomagnetic signals can be used for projectile roll positioning and other high-precision trajectory correction applications. The sinusoidal geomagnetic signal deforms in the exposed and magnetically contaminated environment. In order to preciously recognize the roll information and effectively separate the noise component from the original geomagnetic sequence, based on the error source analysis, we propose a moving horizon based wavelet de-noising method for the dual-observed geomagnetic signal filtering where the captured rough roll frequency value provides reasonable wavelet decomposition and reconstruction level selection basis for sampled sequence; a moving horizon window guarantees real-time performance and non-cumulative calculation amount. The complete geomagnetic data in full ballistic range and three intercepted paragraphs are used for performance assessment. The positioning performance of the moving horizon wavelet de-noising method is compared with the band-pass filter. The results show that both noise reduction techniques improve the positioning accuracy while the wavelet de-noising method is always better than the band-pass filter. These results suggest that the proposed moving horizon based wavelet de-noising method of the dual-observed geomagnetic signal is more applicable for various launch conditions with better positioning performance.     

采用动网格技术的弹托分离仿真模型

针对一体化弹丸出炮口后弹托由与弹体接触到绕弹托质心做六自由度运动的过程,提出一种基于弹托分段分离运动并采用动网格技术耦合流体控制方程和六自由度运动方程的弹托分离仿真模型。以尾翼稳定脱壳穿甲弹为例,仿真分析不同马赫数下的弹托分离情况,并探讨弹托和弹体气动系数在分离过程中的变化情况。仿真结果表明:弹托分离马赫数越大,分离轨迹越靠近弹体且分离时间越短,但对地分离横向位移越大。通过与试验数据的对比,验证了所提弹托分离仿真模型的准确性。