姿态角单次调整的固体运载火箭耗尽关机能量管理方法

固体运载火箭传统耗尽关机制导方法姿态角调整次数过多,不利于控制系统设计。提出了姿态角单次调整的耗尽关机能量管理策略:以火箭的待增视速度方向为基准,通过计算火箭所需耗费的视速度,优化选取火箭的初、末姿态角;火箭以恒定角速率从初姿态角变为末姿态角,达到末姿态角时保持恒定,直至耗尽关机。仿真结果表明,新方法在满足火箭的终端速度约束条件下,视速度模量耗费百分比超过30%,且姿态角单向调整,有利于控制系统的工程设计。     

网络集群现象的特点及对策研究

网络集群现象是指在互联网络环境中,由某一舆论引发,多数人参与,发生观点的群体性激化,从而对现实社会产生一定的冲击和影响的事件。针对网络集群现象的特点,着重从参与主体、交互方式、传播方式、情绪表现、影响因素、处理难度等方面进行研究,并提出防范对策。     

多点偏心起爆对破片速度增益的影响

多点偏心起爆后,爆轰波相互作用在定向区域内产生了马赫波超压,使得该区域破片速度产生增益.利用爆轰波反射理论,建立多点偏心起爆后爆轰波相互作用特性的理论模型,并确定定向区内破片速度的增益特性.3种不同起爆方式的仿真计算和静爆试验结果对比表明,定向区内不同起爆方式得到的破片增益程度较为吻合.     

一种改进的变异粒子群算法研究

粒子群优化算法PSO(Partic le Swarm Optim ization)是一类性能优越的寻优算法。但由于早熟问题,影响了算法性能的发挥。针对这一问题,引入粒子距离的概念,提出一种新的PSO改进方法(称为NA-PSO)。通过求解组网雷达的系统偏差,表明了NA-PSO算法的可行性,与对比方法相比较,能有效配准,且具有更好的收敛精度和更快的进化速度。     

Shaped charge penetration into high- and ultrahigh-strength Steel–Fiber reactive powder concrete targets

Experiments on shaped charge penetration into high and ultrahigh strength steel-fiber reactive powder concrete (RPC) targets were performed in this paper. Results show that the variation of penetration depth and crater diameter with concrete strength is different from that of shaped charge penetration into normal strength concrete (NSC). The crater diameter of RPC is smaller than that of NSC penetrated by the shaped charge. The jet particles are strongly disturbed and hardly reach the crater bottom because they pass through the narrow channel formed by jet penetration into the RPC. The effects of radial drift velocity and gap effects of jet particles for a shaped charge penetration into RPC target are discussed. Moreover, a theoretical model is presented to describe the penetration of shaped charge into RPC target. As the concrete strength increases, the penetration resistance increases and the entrance crater diameter decreases. Given the drift velocity and narrow crater channel, the low-velocity jet particles can hardly reach the crater bottom to increase the penetration depth. Moreover, the narrow channel has a stronger interference to the jet particles with increasing concrete strength; hence, the gap effects must be considered. The drift velocity and gap effects, which are the same as penetration resistance, also have significant effects during the process of shaped charge penetration into ultrahigh-strength concrete. The crater profiles are calculated through a theoretical model, and the results are in good agreement with the experiments.     

Real-time calculation of fragment velocity for cylindrical warheads

To simulate explosion fragments, it is necessary to predict many variables such as fragment velocity, size distribution and projection angle. For active protection systems these predictions need to be made very quickly, before the weapon hits the target. Fast predictions also need to be made in real time simulations when the impact of many different computer models need to be assessed. The research presented in this paper focuses on creating a fast and accurate estimate of one of these variables - the initial fragment velocity. The Gurney equation was the first equation to calculate initial fragment velocity. This equation, sometimes with modifications, is still used today where finite element analysis or complex mathematical approaches are considered too computationally expensive. This paper enhances and improves Breech’s two-dimensional Gurney equation using available empirical data and the principals of conservation of momentum and energy. The results are computationally quick, providing improved accuracy for estimating initial fragment velocity. This will allow the developed model to be available for real-time simulation and fast computation, with improved accuracy when compared to existing approaches.     

Parametric study of single confined fragment launch explosive device

In this article, parametric study of single confined fragment launch device was carried out. The configuration proposed was further studied to derive the empirical relationship for effect of fragment size, charge size, confinement thickness on fragment velocity. The simulations were carried out using ANSYS-AUTODYNE explicit solver. Fragment velocities were estimated as a function of different parametric combinations of explosive quantities, charge length to diameter ratio, fragment height to diameter ratio, confinement thickness, fragment material and fragment mass. The data was further converted to charge to metal ratio under fragment and confinement. It was observed that, increase in confinement thickness, charge quantity and decrease in fragment height increases the fragment velocity. It is also noted that, charge to metal mass ratio under fragment significantly affects the fragment velocity. At the end, an empirical relationship for fragment velocity interms of all these parameters was established. Using these relations, two velocities 1831.92 m/s and 2523.9 m/s required for NATO STANAG 4496 IM test were estimated. The design parameters for these velocities are presented. Also, the results estimated using the empirical relationship has been compared with published experimental data. Error in the predicted velocities is within the acceptable range. The empirical relationship proposed will be useful for finalization of design of the fragment launch device.     

基于BP神经网络的闭路制导改进方法

针对传统闭路制导方法中的制导方法误差,提出了一种根据"真实目标"进行制导的改进制导方法。采用BP神经网络逼近算法,推导建立预定关机点及落点坐标与需要速度间的映射关系,并装订上弹,使关机点附近对应每一个位置能够映射出相应的需要速度矢量。然后利用闭路制导关机及导引方法对导弹实施控制。通过仿真,该方法大大减小了制导方法误差,提高了导弹射击精度。     

电驱动履带车辆带约束广义预测速度控制

电传动履带车辆存在的参数非线性时变性强、惯量大,路面阻力容易受强扰动等特点,采用传统的PI控制容易产生较大的超调,降低暂态控制性能,传统的滑模控制算法难以克服常值扰动,消除稳态误差,易引起输出量剧烈抖振。针对上述问题,设计了广义预测速度控制器,结合电机饱和特性,对控制量进行了约束。仿真实验表明,所设计的控制算法能够克服系统参数非线性时变、路面扰动因素的影响,且跟踪准、响应快、超调小。     

基于速度障碍的无人机避免机动障碍物问题

针对无人机避免机动障碍物的问题,应用速度障碍法,在充分考虑障碍物可达范围和无人机最大机动能力的基础上,将问题空间转换到了速度空间,然后以速度障碍的边界条件替代速度障碍的整体范围约束,这样得到了速度障碍的简单表达形式。最后结合最优控制,在速度空间解决了无人机避免障碍物的问题,并直接求解出了合适的速度输出。仿真结果表明方法切实可行。