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551.
In urban rail transit systems of large cities, the headway and following distance of successive trains have been compressed as much as possible to enhance the corridor capacity to satisfy extremely high passenger demand during peak hours. To prevent train collisions and ensure the safety of trains, a safe following distance of trains must be maintained. However, this requirement is subject to a series of complex factors, such as the uncertain train braking performance, train communication delay, and driver reaction time. In this paper, we propose a unified mathematical framework to analyze the safety‐oriented reliability of metro train timetables with different corridor capacities, that is, the train traffic density, and determine the most reliable train timetable for metro lines in an uncertain environment. By employing a space‐time network representation in the formulations, the reliability‐based train timetabling problem is formulated as a nonlinear stochastic programming model, in which we use 0‐1 variables to denote the time‐dependent velocity and position of all involved trains. Several reformulation techniques are developed to obtain an equivalent mixed integer programming model with quadratic constraints (MIQCP) that can be solved to optimality by some commercial solvers. To improve the computational efficiency of the MIQCP model, we develop a dual decomposition solution framework that decomposes the primal problem into several sets of subproblems by dualizing the coupling constraints across different samples. An exact dynamic programming combined with search space reduction strategies is also developed to solve the exact optimal solutions of these subproblems. Two sets of numerical experiments, which involve a relatively small‐scale case and a real‐world instance based on the operation data of the Beijing subway Changping Line are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. 相似文献
552.
Andrew Phiri 《Defence and Peace Economics》2019,30(4):474-487
Using annual data collected from 1988 to 2015, this study provides evidence of a non-linear relationship between military spending, economic growth and other growth determinants for the South African economy. The empirical study is based on estimates of a logistic smooth transition regression (LSTR) model and our empirical results point to an inverted U-shaped relationship between military spending and economic growth for the data. Furthermore, our empirical results suggest that the current levels of military spending, as a component of total government expenditure, are too high in the South African economy and need to be transferred towards more productive non-military expenditure in order to improve the performance of economic growth and other growth determinants. 相似文献
553.
基于ANSYS软件,对某款应用于GL3A风场的1500kW大型复合材料风力机叶片进行了结构分析。分析结果表明:该叶片的振型以一阶挥舞和一阶摆振为主,其频率分别为0.86Hz和1.59Hz;在极限挥舞载荷作用下,该叶片有限元模型计算得到的叶尖挠度为8.445m,而该叶片全尺寸静力试验得到的极限挥舞载荷作用下的叶尖挠度为8.12m,计算值与试验值的误差只有3.8%;另外,该叶片的最大计算拉应力和压应力分别为228MPa和201MPa,而该叶片玻纤/环氧复合材料实测拉伸强度和实测压缩失稳强度分别为720MPa和380MPa,其计算最大应力只有对应实测极限强度的31.7%和52.9%。 相似文献
554.
本文探讨了在大学物理实验教学中如何培养学生的问题意识,结合平时的教学经验,提出了一些可行的培养方法。 相似文献
555.
由于无线传感器网络在能量消耗、内存开销和计算能力等方面的局限性,传统的网络密钥管理方法已不适用。为此提出了一种适用于无线传感器网络的密钥预分配方法——基于(t,n)-门限方案,给出了密钥分配方法,并从方案的连通性、安全性等方面进行了有效的分析,结果表明该算法在这些方面有一定的优势。 相似文献
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557.
The signature of a system with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes is a vector whose ith element is the probability that the ith component failure is fatal to the system. System signatures have been found to be quite useful tools in the study and comparison of engineered systems. In this article, the theory of system signatures is extended to versions of signatures applicable in dynamic reliability settings. It is shown that, when a working used system is inspected at time t and it is noted that precisely k failures have occurred, the vector s [0,1]n‐k whose jth element is the probability that the (k + j)th component failure is fatal to the system, for j = 1,2,2026;,n ‐ k, is a distribution‐free measure of the design of the residual system. Next, known representation and preservation theorems for system signatures are generalized to dynamic versions. Two additional applications of dynamic signatures are studied in detail. The well‐known “new better than used” (NBU) property of aging systems is extended to a uniform (UNBU) version, which compares systems when new and when used, conditional on the known number of failures. Sufficient conditions are given for a system to have the UNBU property. The application of dynamic signatures to the engineering practice of “burn‐in” is also treated. Specifically, we consider the comparison of new systems with working used systems burned‐in to a given ordered component failure time. In a reliability economics framework, we illustrate how one might compare a new system to one successfully burned‐in to the kth component failure, and we identify circumstances in which burn‐in is inferior (or is superior) to the fielding of a new system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009 相似文献
558.
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560.
不良导体热系数测量普遍采用的是稳态法,但表面散热率的间接测量和样品侧面散热与漏热给测量带来一定误差,使得热系数实际测量值略微偏大。介绍了新的实验装置和实验数值计算方法,并且分析研究了样品边缘(侧面)热损失的物理模型,提出了新的数学模型和数据处理方法,纠正了这些偏差,与实验吻合较好。 相似文献