惯性技术在角度测量中的应用研究

阐述了用一个双自由度陀螺和两个加速度计构成的简易惯性捷联系统进行角度测量的原理,推导出测量方程,并给出了仿真结果。     

THE DETERMINATION OF THE DEFLECTION OF VERTICAL USING INERTIAL SURVEYING SYSTEM

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任意航向上的舰船磁场换算

本文提出了用两个主航向上舰船磁场测量数据来换算任意航向上任意深度下的舰船磁场的设想。针对静态磁场,提出了一种新的磁场换算方法即磁荷模型换算法。由于该法的模型更接近于物理模型,故该法建立模型容易,换算所需的测量数据少,换算精度高。对安装消磁系统的舰船其任意航向上的磁场换算,作者采用消磁系统绕组磁场和舰船本身磁场分别计算然后合成的处理方法。实验证明,本文提出的舰船任意航向上的磁场换算方法是可行的,换算精度能够满足工程实用要求。     

RBF神经网络在单轴旋转惯导系统轴向陀螺漂移辨识中的应用

在激光陀螺单轴旋转惯性导航系统中,单轴旋转可以自动补偿垂直于旋转轴上的惯性器件误差,却不能消除旋转轴方向上惯性器件的误差,因此单轴旋转惯性导航系统的导航精度主要由轴向陀螺漂移决定.提出了一种基于径向基函数神经网络的轴向陀螺漂移辨识方法,利用系统纬度误差和温度变化量作为训练集,针对系统热态、冷态两种情况对RBF神经网络进行训练,对轴向陀螺漂移的辨识精度达到0.0003°/h.试验结果表明:该方法能够有效地辨识轴向陀螺漂移,使系统达到较高的导航精度,满足实际应用的需要.     

惯导系统动基座对准精度评估方法

弹载惯性制导系统空中对准是机载战术导弹发射前必须完成的任务,其对准精度直接影响导弹系统的制导精度。利用最优平滑技术对弹载惯导系统传递对准效果进行评估,是分析导弹系统的战术性能和惯导系统自身器件性能的有效方法。Rauch-Tung-Striebel(1965)提出了固定区间平滑算法,Meditch(1967)提出了固定点平滑算法;Bierman(1983)、Watamabe(1989)等许多学者对RTS算法提出了改进方法,这些方法在保证平滑算法中数值的稳定性和提高计算效率方面有了明显改善。针对固定区间平滑算法所适应的对象,分析了这类平滑算法的特点,提出了RTS固定区间平滑算法的改进方法;结合弹载惯性制导系统传递对准效果评估,进一步证明了分析的正确性。     

机载雷达目标搜索和跟踪中的坐标系问题

雷达对目标进行搜索和跟踪时,由于雷达的体制、安装方式(运载体还是地面固定位置)、工作方式等的不同,涉及到许多坐标系。结合实际工程问题,对雷达搜索与跟踪中坐标系问题进行了深入探讨。包括坐标系的定义、作用、坐标系转换问题,坐标转换中的误差定量分析,所得出的结论对于雷达对目标进行搜索与跟踪,尤其是对安装于运载体上的雷达坐标系问题有很大的参考价值,并给出了某型直升机载雷达挂飞时的实测姿态数据。     

The rising unit cost of defence equipment — The reasons and the results

This paper constructs a conceptual model for the selection of defence equipment providing best value for money. It then shows how the unit cost of the chosen equipment increases between one generation of equipment and its successor because of developments in the perceived threat, the available technology and industrial productivity, and demonstrates that unit cost increases can arise from a logical and rational procurement policy and are not necessarily caused by technological chimeras and military vainglory. The resulting persistent rise in unit cost is unlikely to be significantly slowed by any of the counter‐measures yet proposed.

The paper then discusses the policies which nations have adopted to accommodate past increases in unit cost, and the options which confront any nation at the point when it can no longer afford to re‐equip a particular element of its armed forces.     

海拔高度对发动机泵机组性能的影响

介绍250型泵机组基本参数,详细阐述该型发动机泵机组的动力传递关系,应用FST2E型测试台架开展泵机组发动机高原效能模拟试验,获取发动机在不同海拔高度的功率、燃油消耗率和油耗量数据,拟合生成发动机负荷特性曲线。定量分析不同海拔高度发动机功率下降对离心泵体积流量、效率、扬程等的影响,得出泵机组体积流量、扬程、效率的下降规律。研究结果可为现有泵机组的使用及新型泵机组的研制提供理论依据和数据参考。     

Numerical investigation of the failure mechanism of cubic concrete specimens in SHPB tests

Cylindrical specimens are commonly used in Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests to study the uniaxial dynamic properties of concrete-like materials.In recent years,true tri-axial SHPB equipment has also been developed or is under development to investigate the material dynamic properties under tri-axial impact loads.For such tests,cubic specimens are needed.It is well understood that static material strength obtained from cylinder and cube specimens are different.Conversion factors are obtained and adopted in some guidelines to convert the material strength obtained from the two types of specimens.Previous uniaxial impact tests have also demonstrated that the failure mode and the strain rate effect of cubic specimens are very different from that of cylindrical ones.However,the mechanical background of these findings is unclear.As an extension of the previous laboratory study,this study performs numerical SHPB tests of cubic and cylindrical concrete specimens subjected to uniaxial impact load with the validated numerical model.The stress states of cubic specimens in relation to its failure mode under different strain rates is analyzed and compared with cylindrical specimens.The detailed analyses of the numerical simulation results show that the lateral inertial confinement of the cylindrical specimen is higher than that of the cubic specimen under the same strain rates.For cubic specimen,the corners are more severely damaged because of the lower lateral confinement and the occurrence of the tensile radial stress which is not observed in cylindrical specimens.These results explain why the dynamic material strengths obtained from the two types of specimens are different and are strain rate dependent.Based on the simulation results,an empirical formula of conversion factor as a function of strain rate is proposed,which supplements the traditional conversion factor for quasi-static material strength.It can be used for transforming the dynamic compressive strength from cylinders to cubes obtained from impact tests at different strain rates.     

基于统一方程多种配置的GF-INS技术研究

采用加速度计取代陀螺仪作为惯性测量元件构建的无陀螺惯导系统(GF-INS),具有成本低、体积小、机动性能好等优点,已成为近年来惯性技术应用领域的研究热点。文中从理论上分析研究了GF-INS加速度计的输出方程,提出了基于统一方程的GF-INS解算的一般过程,并进行了理论推导。研究表明,不同加速度计配置方案只是选取了不同的参数,解算本质是一致的。结合国内外相关研究成果,对GF-INS的研究与发展提出了若干建议。