水源热泵机组的节能效果及环境影响分析

水源热泵机组由于具有较好的节能优势及环境效益,在国内外取得了较快的发展。但对于水源热泵机组全生命周期的环境影响定量化研究得较少。介绍了冷热源机组环境影响评价较为成功的等价温室效果评价方法,对评价过程所涉及的因素进行了分析说明,并应用该评价方法对重庆市某工程拟采用的3种冷热源方案进行了机组环境影响分析。结果表明采用水源热泵机组作为冷热源无论在夏季还是冬季不仅存在巨大的节能优势,最高节能量达到32．05％,而且在全生命周期内的温室气体CO2的排放量也较少,仅为方案2的67．40％,方案3的89．06％,具有良好的环境优势。     

自然元素在建筑设计中的创意与表达——水

水是建筑的灵魂,其"形"、"色"、"声"、"势"的不同特质,在建筑空间的性格营造中具有重要的地位和作用.通过探讨水这一自然元素在建筑创作中的抽象表达方式,展示其在文脉延续和场所精神创造中的重要意义.     

Clustered coverage orienteering problem of unmanned surface vehicles for water sampling

This study investigates a clustered coverage orienteering problem (CCOP), which is a generalization of the classical orienteering problem. The problem is widely motivated by the emerging unmanned techniques (eg, unmanned surface vehicles and drones) applied to environmental monitoring. Specifically, the unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are used to monitor reservoir water quality by collecting samples. In the CCOP, the water sampling sites (ie, the nodes) are grouped into clusters, and a minimum number of nodes must be visited in each cluster. With each node representing a certain coverage area of the water, the objective of the CCOP is to monitor as much as possible the total coverage area in one tour of the USV, considering that overlapping areas provide no additional information. An integer programming model is first formulated through a linearization procedure that captures the overlapping feature. A two-stage exact algorithm is proposed to obtain an optimal solution to the problem. The efficiency and effectiveness of the two-stage exact algorithm are demonstrated through experiments on randomly generated instances. The algorithm can effectively solve instances with up to 60 sampling sites.     

Praying for Rain? Water Scarcity and the Duration and Outcomes of Civil Wars

Recent anecdotal evidence from the civil wars in Somalia and Yemen suggest that water scarcity may shape the dynamics of civil wars. While a considerable body of research has examined the connection between water scarcity (such as low rainfall) and the onset of civil war, very little research has examined how water scarcity may shape the duration and outcomes of civil wars. Looking specifically at rainfall, this paper argues that changes in access to water play a key role in the duration of civil wars. As rainfall declines, there is a reduction in resources available to both the government and the rebel group, leading to a stalemate in fighting. Furthermore, this paper argues that declines in rainfall are felt more acutely by rebel groups who seek to challenge the government through conventional warfare. This paper tests these propositions using hazard models. The results provide robust support for the propositions.     

飞机运动态势对航空深弹入水点散布影响分析

航空自导深弹具有结构简单、可靠性高、不受水文条件限制等特点,而且还具有自导捕获和跟踪目标能力,对于提高航空兵部队反潜能力具有重要作用。反潜机投放高度、投放速度等运动态势关系到使用航空自导深弹对目标实施准确打击。针对航空自导鱼雷攻潜实际过程,建立其入水点的散布误差模型和空中弹道模型,并仿真分析反潜机投弹高度、投弹速度对航空自导深弹入水点的影响。     

CacheFI:基于架构级故障注入的片上缓存容错评估工具

体系架构级缓存容错技术被认为是应对较高的永久位故障率的有效手段,但目前缓存容错机制的体系架构级评估工具较少。针对这个问题,提出CacheFI,即基于Simics的缓存故障注入工具,采用故障生成和注入分离的设计,故障生成是随机分布、模式和时序三个方面的结合,故障注入则考虑了故障可重现性和模块化的需要。在全系统模拟器Simics上,基于15个选自SPEC CPU2000的测试程序,利用CacheFI对Buddy和MAEP等典型的体系架构级缓存容错机制进行评估,展现了其弱点和典型的片上缓存容错机制存在的问题。     

住宅小区消防给水设计问题探讨

住宅小区消防给水设计不同于城市给水设计,也有别于普通建筑给水设计,在一个住宅小区内可以考虑消防给水系统设施的共享,建立区域消防给水系统。以两个住宅小区的消防给水设计为例,从水泵结合器的设置,消防水泵、屋顶消防水箱以及自动喷洒给水系统的共用等方面对区域消防给水设计进行了讨论。     

水雾粒径对灭火效果影响的模拟研究

针对B类火灾,应用火灾模拟软件FDS对庚烷液体可燃物燃烧进行模拟,探讨细水雾粒径对B类火灾的灭火效果,得出粒径为150μm的细水雾为扑灭B类火灾的最佳粒径。     

城市消防水源建设存在问题及对策研究

城市水资源匮乏、消防水源布局不合理、规划滞后、管网输水能力不足等多种隐患,已成为影响及时扑救城市火灾的原因之一。对城市公共消防水源建设的现状和原因进行了分析,提出了加强城市消防水源建设的对策。     

电缆隧道中细水雾灭火系统的试验评价与优化设计

细水雾作为哈龙灭火剂的重要替代技术,在电缆隧道中具有广阔的应用前景。然而由于其灭火机理的复杂性,在细水雾灭火系统的设计中不能完全依赖于一般性原则或统一的标准。以浦东国际机场二期工程电缆隧道高压细水雾保护系统的实际应用为例,通过建立全尺度的模拟试验,对细水雾灭火系统设计参数的有效性和科学性进行评估,优化系统设计,以满足电缆隧道特殊的消防安全需求。研究结果表明该方法为细水雾系统设计达到有效性、安全性、经济性的统一提供了合理解决途径。