复合型科学家：颠覆性创新产品研发的灵魂

科学探索是颠覆性技术创新产品的源泉,复合型科学家为颠覆性创新产品开辟方向、提供战略咨询、构建技术原理或设计方案、直接研制创新产品。本文提出,要高度重视复合型科学家的主导地位,加大育才引才留才力度,营造发挥才华的包容性科学文化环境。     

美国创新体系军民深度融合发展特点及启示

美国具有全球最为先进的军事科技实力、军事科技创新能力和国防保障能力,美国的科技创新体系具有军民融合深度发展的特点,在军民融合创新发展上没有明显的时间滞后,是世界上军民融合科技创新体系发展最好的典型样板国家。论文梳理分析美国国防创新系统及其特点,分析美国国防科技经费预算、研究方向和项目流程,研究分析美国促进军民融合创新与发展的制度保障体系,总结美国创新体系中军民深度融合发展的特点,解析美国军民融合发展中的典型案例、各自成功的模式和主要经验,并结合我国军民融合发展的实际情况提出建议。     

开放复杂巨系统视角下的军民融合协同创新体系

基于钱学森开放复杂巨系统的视角,对军民融合协同创新体系进行了研究。由于军民融合协同创新涉及多领域、多层次、多区域、多行业、多部门之间高密度的交互和关联,其复杂性和开放性也决定着其发展过程中必定会遇到一些问题。本文用系统科学的理论阐释军民融合协同创新体系,指出其在发展中出现的问题,提出军民融合协同创新发展过程中应遵循的开放的复杂巨系统理论原则。     

Drone usage by militant groups: exploring variation in adoption

Judging by recent media reporting and pronouncements by senior US military and security officials, the use of drones by militant groups is both reshaping conflict between armed non-state actors and state parties and now presents a grave and direct threat to nations in the West and elsewhere. But does this threat warrant the attention it is currently receiving? To answer this question, this article surveys how various militant groups have used drones both tactically on the battlefield and for wider strategic purposes. Closely examining how drones have been employed and by whom provides a basis for understanding variation in adoption. The article shows how drone usage or non-usage is highly contingent on the setting of the conflict, the aims of different groups, and the capacity of groups to adopt the technology. Though advances in drone technology could make the use-case more appealing for militant groups, drones will be subject to the same back-and-forth, techno-tactical adaptation dynamic between adversaries that have accompanied prior military innovations.     

建立军民融合创新体系的重大意义

加快形成军民融合创新体系,是习主席在十二届全国人大五次会议解放军代表团全体会议上提出的重大战略思想。建立军民融合创新体系,是顺应军民科技发展新形势的必然抉择,是夯实科技兴军物质基础的内在要求、提升国家创新能力的重大举措、推动创新文化形成的有效途径,也是推进供给侧结构性改革的现实需求。加快形成军民融合创新体系,反映了现代战斗力和生产力生成的规律,体现了统筹国家安全和发展全局的内在要求,为深入实施军民融合发展战略、开创强军兴国新局面指明了方向,具有重大意义。     

提高公安科技创新经费投入效应的对策分析

当前,公安科技创新经费投入存在着一些问题,从投入机制、投入结构和投入管理方式等方面提高经费投入效应,对于满足社会安全需求,实现公安科技创新体系高效运行具有现实的指导意义。     

守正而后创新——《古代文学》教学应该遵循的原则

张中一先生的《〈渔父〉章句评析》不顾先秦典籍的实际情况和前人研究成果,背离学术史的发展和文化传承道路,从而将一首意味深长的诗歌曲解成了不知所云的单纯符号排列,这是课程教学和学术创新不允许的。     

Defense Firms Adapting to Major Changes in the French R&D Funding System

The structural changes inside the French innovation system have impacted the role of defense firms since the late 1980s. Major changes have affected the defense budget and public R&D funding system in particular. The aim of this article is to understand French defense firms’ repositioning within the National Innovation System (NIS) based on an analysis of their R&D behavior over a long period of time (1987–2010). We show that French defense firms remain major players in the NIS and faced up to these major changes by adapting the funding of their R&D and their research priorities and rolling out new innovation capabilities. Additionally, they developed new innovation models to take advantage of new collaborative partnerships developed for civil and military markets.     

New sources of military change – armed forces as normal organizations

The literature on how European states have adapted to the post-cold war security environment ffocuses invariably on different understandings of military transformation, a process which is seen as inherently different from other forms of organizational change. However, as this paper argues, new management practices, going back to the introduction of so-called New Public Management (NPM) reforms throughout Europe in the 1980s, have eventually penetrated also the last bastion of the old state – the defense sector. Taking a critical approach to the idea of military transformation and existing theories of military change, the paper demonstrates how other international developments have pushed towards what may be seen as a “normalization” of Europe’s defense sectors. This has important implications for how we approach and understand change in contemporary defense organizations.     

无人机滑跑航迹控制模型与控制精度分析

航迹偏差的控制精度对滑跑起降至关重要,地面滑跑纠偏建模和地空航迹控制的切换策略是起降航迹控制设计的难点。从运动学关系出发,提出了地面滑跑纠偏控制的设计模型,使得复杂的地面航偏控制规律易于设计;利用同-反馈结构在多个状态的协调控制,实现了地空状态自然过渡的航迹控制切换策略;最后提出了提高航迹控制精度和进行风干扰补偿的措施。