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671.
Stochastic network design is fundamental to transportation and logistic problems in practice, yet faces new modeling and computational challenges resulted from heterogeneous sources of uncertainties and their unknown distributions given limited data. In this article, we design arcs in a network to optimize the cost of single‐commodity flows under random demand and arc disruptions. We minimize the network design cost plus cost associated with network performance under uncertainty evaluated by two schemes. The first scheme restricts demand and arc capacities in budgeted uncertainty sets and minimizes the worst‐case cost of supply generation and network flows for any possible realizations. The second scheme generates a finite set of samples from statistical information (e.g., moments) of data and minimizes the expected cost of supplies and flows, for which we bound the worst‐case cost using budgeted uncertainty sets. We develop cutting‐plane algorithms for solving the mixed‐integer nonlinear programming reformulations of the problem under the two schemes. We compare the computational efficacy of different approaches and analyze the results by testing diverse instances of random and real‐world networks. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 154–173, 2017 相似文献
672.
Linnéa Gelot 《Contemporary Security Policy》2017,38(1):161-173
This article explores how the protection of civilians is being militarized by African policymakers and diplomats. I draw on practice approaches to analyze what social groups are doing when they claim to “protect civilians.” I show how innovative protection mechanisms can be seen as a function of officials and diplomats coping with the changing circumstances of increasingly militarized politics in Africa. Specifically, accountability mechanisms for unintended and intended civilian harm by African security operations have originated in connection with this development. I argue that these are results of anchoring practices, which means that everyday informal interactions in one context become linked to another context. I argue that these emerging accountability mechanisms represent a new combination of practices, with the potential of changing the routine activities and mutual learning between policymakers and diplomats. 相似文献
673.
The empirical international conflict literature has given much recent attention to interstate armed force’s impact on human well-being. While empirical research has advanced our understanding of the phenomenon considerably, we argue that one conclusion that many studies have reached is preliminary. Some recent research contends that only full-scale war, and not force short of war, has a discernable impact on human welfare or physical quality of life (PQOL). We develop theory on one type of force short of war, large-scale foreign military intervention (FMI), and its potential effects on PQOL. Using interrupted time series and panel corrected standard error methodologies, we find that from 1960 to 2005 large-scale FMI had a statistically and substantively significant impact on the PQOL of populations in 106 developing countries. The specific effect that this type of armed force has depended in large part on the regime type of the target country. 相似文献
674.
Cornelia Vikan 《Journal of Military Ethics》2017,16(3-4):239-255
This paper discusses soldiers’ moral responsibility in today’s complex conflicts. The point of departure is the increased focus on soldiers as moral decision-makers in war, illustrated by the introduction of core values in the Norwegian Armed Forces. Responsibility is one of these core values, but it is not clear exactly how we should understand responsibility. I use a case where a group of Norwegian soldiers in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) sought the cooperation of a group of mujahedeen to solve the military mission of establishing security. As confidence between the parties grew, the soldiers became horrified witnesses to a practice of bacha bazi, where a young boy is dressed up for entertainment and sexual abuse. This situation gives reason to question the limits of role responsibility, the status of soldiers’ legitimacy, and the challenges of making morally sound judgments in a multicultural context. The discussion demonstrates that, even if there are restrictions on the soldiers’ freedom to act, a responsibility reaching beyond or extending their role should be recognized as part of the moral reality of modern soldiers. 相似文献
675.
针对战地环境中军事装备的安全监管问题,分析了战地装备安全监管应用系统的整体结构与功能层次,给出了基于RFID射频识别技术、无线传感器等物联网技术的硬件平台设计方案,以及基于数据采集、分析、融合、传输和可视化技术研发监管控制软件的实现方案。该系统部署应用后可实现对装备实时、连续、精确的分级监管,能够确保装备管理的安全和高效,提高部队指挥决策能力。 相似文献
676.
Harold P. Benson 《海军后勤学研究》2006,53(4):309-317
The purpose of this article is to present an algorithm for globally maximizing the ratio of two convex functions f and g over a convex set X. To our knowledge, this is the first algorithm to be proposed for globally solving this problem. The algorithm uses a branch and bound search to guarantee that a global optimal solution is found. While it does not require the functions f and g to be differentiable, it does require that subgradients of g can be calculated efficiently. The main computational effort of the algorithm involves solving a sequence of subproblems that can be solved by convex programming methods. When X is polyhedral, these subproblems can be solved by linear programming procedures. Because of these properties, the algorithm offers a potentially attractive means for globally maximizing ratios of convex functions over convex sets. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006 相似文献
677.
当代大学生思想道德状况分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
刘彦超 《中国人民武装警察部队学院学报》2005,21(5):73-76
当代大学生思想道德状况的主流是好的,是积极、健康、向上的。但是,也有部分学生世界观、人生观、价值观出现了偏差,呈现出许多思想和道德问题。当代大学生思想道德问题由多方面原因导致,只有社会、学校、家庭等各方面齐抓共管,共同努力,才能使大学生思想道德素质得到进一步的改善和提高。 相似文献
678.
社会发展需要社会成员的共同努力 ,同时也需要一定的历史机遇 ,回顾中国近代历史 ,机遇总是在不经意间错失。面对新的历史时期 ,机遇再次不期而至 ,要想抓住这次重要战略机遇 ,必须以史为鉴 ,与时俱进 ,开拓创新 相似文献
679.
680.
基于数据耕耘思想,设计了探索性仿真实验框架,并对框架中每个部分进行了简要探讨。基于数据耕耘的探索性仿真实验框架由乒乓式对抗推演预实验、单个仿真想定生成环、仿真想定空间运行环和仿真结果分析环四部分组成,通过将人的经验、智慧与计算机仿真手段相结合,在多次循环的过程中逐渐形成所需的军事决策建议或寻找感兴趣的战争规律。通过构建探索性仿真实验框架,能够将各种定量、定性分析方法整合起来,围绕实验目标实施探索性仿真实验。 相似文献