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We consider a supply chain in which a retailer faces a stochastic demand, incurs backorder and inventory holding costs and uses a periodic review system to place orders from a manufacturer. The manufacturer must fill the entire order. The manufacturer incurs costs of overtime and undertime if the order deviates from the planned production capacity. We determine the optimal capacity for the manufacturer in case there is no coordination with the retailer as well as in case there is full coordination with the retailer. When there is no coordination the optimal capacity for the manufacturer is found by solving a newsvendor problem. When there is coordination, we present a dynamic programming formulation and establish that the optimal ordering policy for the retailer is characterized by two parameters. The optimal coordinated capacity for the manufacturer can then be obtained by solving a nonlinear programming problem. We present an efficient exact algorithm and a heuristic algorithm for computing the manufacturer's capacity. We discuss the impact of coordination on the supply chain cost as well as on the manufacturer's capacity. We also identify the situations in which coordination is most beneficial. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008 相似文献
243.
Whereas much of the previous research in complex systems has focused on emergent properties resulting from self‐organization of the individual agents that make up the system, this article studies one vital role of central organization. In particular, four factors are conjectured to be key in determining the optimal amount of central control. To validate this hypothesis, these factors are represented as controllable parameters in a mathematical model. For different combinations of parameter values, the optimal amount of central control is found, either analytically or by computer simulation. The model is shown to provide results that match well with the level of control found across a broad spectrum of specific complex systems. This model also provides general guidelines as to how combinations of these factors affect the desirable level of control and specific guidelines for selecting and evaluating leaders. These results indicate that all of these factors, though not exhaustive, should be considered carefully when attempting to determine the amount of control that is best for a system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008 相似文献
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Jorge Navarro 《海军后勤学研究》2007,54(8):820-828
We study tail hazard rate ordering properties of coherent systems using the representation of the distribution of a coherent system as a mixture of the distributions of the series systems obtained from its path sets. Also some ordering properties are obtained for order statistics which, in this context, represent the lifetimes of k‐out‐of‐n systems. We pay special attention to systems with components satisfying the proportional hazard rate model or with exponential, Weibull and Pareto type II distributions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007 相似文献
246.
小波变换在电力系统谐波检测中的应用 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9
将小波变换方法应用于电力系统谐波检测中,用仿真算例说明该方法具有一定的有效性和可行性;用不同的小波函数进行了基频分量提取,给出了误差比较结果,初步分析了小波变换用于谐波检测时产生误差的主要原因. 相似文献
247.
A new connection between the distribution of component failure times of a coherent system and (adaptive) progressively Type‐II censored order statistics is established. Utilizing this property, we develop inferential procedures when the data is given by all component failures until system failure in two scenarios: In the case of complete information, we assume that the failed component is also observed whereas in the case of incomplete information, we have only information about the failure times but not about the components which have failed. In the first setting, we show that inferential methods for adaptive progressively Type‐II censored data can directly be applied to the problem. For incomplete information, we face the problem that the corresponding censoring plan is not observed and that the available inferential procedures depend on the knowledge of the used censoring plan. To get estimates for distributional parameters, we propose maximum likelihood estimators which can be obtained by solving the likelihood equations directly or via an Expectation‐Maximization‐algorithm type procedure. For an exponential distribution, we discuss also a linear estimator to estimate the mean. Moreover, we establish exact distributions for some estimators in the exponential case which can be used, for example, to construct exact confidence intervals. The results are illustrated by a five component bridge system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 512–530, 2015 相似文献
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有效飞机动力学转换可能会导致人机闭环失稳,在特定条件下会引起驾驶员诱发振荡。针对此问题,分析了致使驾驶员诱发振荡发生的主要因素,构建了人机闭环系统模型,推导了人机闭环系统失稳数学模型。研究了引起有效飞机动力学转换的可能因素,并运用时域和频域分析技术对有效飞机动力学转换所产生的影响进行了分析。案例研究表明:有效飞机动力学转换后,在特定条件下可引发驾驶员诱发振荡,但由此引起的驾驶员诱发振荡可以采用相关方法进行抑制。在恰当的抑制方法作用下,由有效飞机动力学转换引发的驾驶员诱发振荡不会产生灾难性的后果。 相似文献
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针对当前舰船水消防系统监控点信息孤立、智能化决策程度不高的问题,构建了基于节点的水消防系统功能逻辑模型,提出了基于战斗损伤的水消防系统破损隔离重构使用智能决策算法,并据此开发了水消防智能监控系统。案例对比计算和系统测试检验的结果表明,该智能决策算法以及智能监控系统可以有效提升分析决策的速度和精度,显著提高指挥控制的效率,为水消防系统的战斗破损使用提供有效的支撑。 相似文献