舰艇隐身对反舰导弹末制导 雷达目标截获能力的影响

以法国海军的拉菲特级隐身舰为典型对象,就水面舰艇目前的隐身水平进行了评估,分析和计算了典型反舰导弹末制导雷达对隐身舰艇的检测概率和理想状态下对隐身舰艇的截获概率。指出在反舰导弹的攻击过程中,如果能够保证末制导雷达对目标的多次捕捉,舰艇隐身的效果将被抵销;隐身舰艇利用电子干扰产生假目标将可以抑制末制导雷达对真实目标的捕捉。因此,反舰导弹及其末制导雷达要对付舰艇隐身,其关键不是采用新体制雷达来提高检测能力,而在于提高现体制末制导雷达的目标识别能力。     

基于神经网络的广义两点边值问题

在航天领域中 ,多数制导问题均可以抽象为广义两点边值问题。本文探讨了神经网络在广义两点边值问题求解中的应用。首先讨论了离线制导这一类静态两点边值问题的求解 ,在此基础上 ,对在线制导这一类动态两点边值问题进行了分析 ,并给出了有效的解决方法     

时间延迟对电视末制导系统稳定性的影响

为了分析时间延迟对捕控指令电视末制导系统稳定性的影响,建立了武器操作员的人工操控响应模型和数据传输模型,并纳入到导弹控制系统中建立了人在回路的捕控指令末制导模型.在分析武器操作员在捕控指令末制导阶段操作的基础上,进行了人在回路的全数字仿真,根据仿真结果分析了时间延迟对电视末制导系统稳定性的影响.     

可实现以期望角度过顶迂回打击的制导律设计

在已有的小型导弹角度约束制导律设计中,对敌方目标打击角度约束范围往往有限.为了扩大角度约束的可行范围,实现对目标的全方位打击,基于双圆弧原理设计了可实现过顶迂回打击的制导律.首先,建立了导弹的末制导段相对运动模型,然后对双圆弧曲线拟合的原理进行了介绍和推导证明,对于两段圆弧的关键参数进行了推导,最后基于该原理设计了一种...     

基于能量与动量矩指标的两次“推-滑”离轨制导方法

对航天器在有限推力作用下的"推-滑-推-滑"离轨轨道制导问题进行了研究。将再入接口条件转化为能量与动量矩指标,基于该指标得出了单次"推-滑"的临界地心距,分析了其对离轨策略的影响;推导了有推力作用时飞行器能量与动量矩的相对变化规律,通过使飞行器的能量与动量矩以同样的相对速度减小的方法,导出了制导方程;得到了首次制动时推力方向始终与速度方向相反,二次制动根据制导方程进行导引的轨道形式;对不同高度与不同再入接口条件的离轨问题进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,该方法计算量小,可有效解决单次"推-滑"无法实现的离轨制导问题。     

目标反射特性对激光末制导精度的影响

从物理光学和辐射原理的角度分析了目标反射特性对激光末制导精度的影响 ,给出了目标反射系数的直接测量方法 ,最后得出结论并提出了减少受其影响的措施。分析结果表明目标反射特性会影响激光末制导炮弹的接收反射激光信号功率的大小 ,进而影响激光末制导炮弹的制导概率 ,因而对于不同质地的目标 ,要根据目标的反射系数来确定激光指示器可靠的照射距离 ,选择其照射攻击部位 ,以提高激光末制导精度。     

现代战略武器的制导与控制

从现代战略武器小型化、高精度、强突防、全天候和机动飞行的发展趋势,阐述了MIRV系统工作原理、现代弹头的制导方式方法。并从弹头引爆控制系统的角度分析了制导误差及非制导误差对导弹精度的影响。针对导弹提高命中精度的需要,围绕提高战略武器攻击能力,主要是战斗部的威力、命中精度以及作战效果,提出应当在复合制导、综合引爆技术等方面提高导弹精度。     

环境参数在线辨识及其在滑翔段制导中的应用

针对助推滑翔导弹,提出基于飞行环境参数在线辨识的滑翔段数值预测校正制导方法。综合考虑大气密度和气动系数对导弹运动的影响,引入滑翔段综合环境参数,利用扩展Kalman滤波方法对综合参数进行在线辨识。基于在线辨识结果,利用渐消记忆递推最小二乘方法在线建立环境参数预测模型,并利用最新辨识结果进行模型的在线修正。设计了纵向和横向制导律,并基于环境参数在线预测模型进行落点预测,以克服飞行环境扰动对落点预测精度的影响。进行了大气密度非定常扰动下的制导仿真,以及密度和气动参数随机扰动下的Monte Carlo仿真。仿真结果表明:环境参数在线预测模型能准确预报飞行环境参数,制导方法对飞行环境扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

The Serbian defence institution: the need for clear policy guidance to improve the Serbian defence planning,management, and command processes

ABSTRACT

The uncritical layering of western liberal defence governance norms and concepts on top of existing legacy concepts has impeded achieving coherent military capabilities and capacities when Serbia’s political and military leadership tried to reform the defence system using Western benchmarking principles and Western countries’ best practices. The process of this change has been more valuable than its actual output, as defined by increased capabilities. Such outcomes should be reflective of policy guidance, and can be thought of as closing the trinity loop of a defence planning system: plans, money and execution. This article addresses two key functional areas of the Serbian defence institution. First, it assesses the current state of defence planning to discern its strengths and weaknesses to ascertain if plans are tied to financial decision-making. Second, a full examination of current Serbian defence management is conducted to discern whether weaknesses exist that distract from producing operational capabilities. Both areas are analyzed thoroughly and some solutions for change are proposed. Also, the article analyzes the appearance of two negative phenomena in the planning process – economization and managerialism.     

Integrated guidance and control of guided projectile with multiple constraints based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface

Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface (FADS), an integrated guidance and control (IGC) approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile, which was robust to target maneuver, canard dynamic characteristics, and multiple constraints, such as impact angle, limited measurement of line of sight (LOS) angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. Initially, a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established, and extended state observer (ESO) was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system, including aerodynamic parameters perturbation, target maneuver and model errors. Secondly, aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law. Furthermore, combining with dynamic surface, which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws, the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law. Finally, the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded, rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.