装备备件管理技术综述

备件管理水平的高低直接影响着装备保障能力的发挥和使用保障费用的维持,备件管理现已成为世界范围内的研究热点。通过对国内外有关备件管理文献的分析,总结了备件管理在备件分类方法、需求预测与确定、库存控制与优化3个方面的研究现状。分析结果表明：备件管理将向多因素综合考虑的备件分类方法,基于备件需求不确定性的预测技术以及基于计算机辅助技术、物流和供应链管理等方向发展。     

Note on “An Optimal Recursive Method for Various Inventory Replenishment Models with Increasing Demand and Shortages” by Teng et al.

In a recent paper, Teng, Chern, and Yang consider four possible inventory replenishment models and determine the optimal replenishment policies for them. They compare these models to identify the best alternative on the basis of minimum total relevant inventory costs. The total cost functions for Model 1 and Model 4 as derived by them are not exact for the comparison. As a result, their conclusion on the least expensive replenishment policy is incorrect. The present article provides the actual total costs for Model 1 and Model 4 to make a correct comparison of the four models. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 602–606, 2000     

Inventory transshipment game with limited supply: Trap or treat

Inventory transshipment is generally shown to be beneficial to retailers by matching their excess demand with surplus inventory. We investigate an inventory transshipment game with two newsvendor-type retailers under limited total supply and check whether the retailers are better off than the case without transshipment. We derive the ordering strategies for the retailers and show that unlike the unlimited supply case, a pure Nash equilibrium only exists under certain conditions. Furthermore, contrary to the conventional wisdom, we show that inventory transshipment may not always benefit both retailers. Although one of the retailers is guaranteed to be better off, the other could be worse off. The decision criteria are then provided for the retailers to determine if they will benefit from the exercise of inventory transshipment. Numerical study indicates that the carefully chosen transshipment prices play an important role in keeping inventory transshipment beneficial to both retailers. Subsequently, a coordinating mechanism is designed for the retailers to negotiate transshipment prices that maximize the total profit of the two retailers while keeping each of them in a beneficial position.     

Joint pricing,assortment, and inventory decisions for a retailer's product line

Consider a set of product variants that are differentiated by some secondary attributes such as flavor, color, or size. The retailer's problem is to jointly determine the set of variants to include in her product line (“assortment”), together with their prices and inventory levels, so as to maximize her expected profit. We model the consumer choice process using a multinomial logit choice model and consider a newsvendor type inventory setting. We derive the structure of the optimal assortment for some important special cases, including the case of horizontally differentiated items, and propose a dominance relationship for the general case that simplifies the search for an optimal assortment. We also discuss structural properties of the optimal prices. Finally, motivated by our analytical results, we propose a heuristic solution procedure, which is shown to be quite effective through a numerical study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

On the first come–first served rule in multi‐echelon inventory control

A two‐echelon distribution inventory system with a central warehouse and a number of retailers is considered. The retailers face stochastic demand and replenish from the warehouse, which, in turn, replenishes from an outside supplier. The system is reviewed continuously and demands that cannot be met directly are backordered. Standard holding and backorder costs are considered. In the literature on multi‐echelon inventory control it is standard to assume that backorders at the warehouse are served according to a first come–first served policy (FCFS). This allocation rule simplifies the analysis but is normally not optimal. It is shown that the FCFS rule can, in the worst case, lead to an asymptotically unbounded relative cost increase as the number of retailers approaches infinity. We also provide a new heuristic that will always give a reduction of the expected costs. A numerical study indicates that the average cost reduction when using the heuristic is about two percent. The suggested heuristic is also compared with two existing heuristics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

A nonlinear continuous time optimal control model of dynamic pricing and inventory control with no backorders

In this paper, we present a continuous time optimal control model for studying a dynamic pricing and inventory control problem for a make‐to‐stock manufacturing system. We consider a multiproduct capacitated, dynamic setting. We introduce a demand‐based model where the demand is a linear function of the price, the inventory cost is linear, the production cost is an increasing strictly convex function of the production rate, and all coefficients are time‐dependent. A key part of the model is that no backorders are allowed. We introduce and study an algorithm that computes the optimal production and pricing policy as a function of the time on a finite time horizon, and discuss some insights. Our results illustrate the role of capacity and the effects of the dynamic nature of demand in the model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

基于险度函数的装备供应链库存风险损失度量

目前,对供应链库存风险损失的定量研究比较少,而定量研究中鲜有对风险偏好变化问题的研究,因此首先分析了各种风险度量方法,通过比较采用了险度函数作为对装备供应链风险损失的度量方法;然后,结合装备供应链实际,提出了定常风险偏好特性险度函数和可变风险偏好特性险度函数的适用范围,以及装备供应链库存风险损失度量的损失水平值,并给出了装备供应链库存风险损失度量函数;最后,通过算例进行了验证.实验结果表明:行为人的不同风险偏好特性会对同一事态产生不同的预判,进而可能影响对风险的决策,这是符合客观现实的.     

Dynamic inventory control with limited capital and short‐term financing

For most firms, especially the small‐ and medium‐sized ones, the operational decisions are affected by their internal capital and ability to obtain external capital. However, the majority of the literature on dynamic inventory control ignores the firm's financial status and financing issues. An important question that arises is: what are the optimal inventory and financing policies for firms with limited internal capital and limited access to external capital? In this article, we study a dynamic inventory control problem where a capital‐constrained firm periodically purchases a product from a supplier and sells it to a market with random demands. In each period, the firm can use its own capital and/or borrow a short‐term loan to purchase the product, with the interest rate being nondecreasing in the loan size. The objective is to maximize the firm's expected terminal wealth at the end of the planning horizon. We show that the optimal inventory policy in each period is an equity‐level‐dependent base‐stock policy, where the equity level is the sum of the firm's capital level and the value of its on‐hand inventory evaluated at the purchasing cost; and the structure of the optimal policy can be characterized by four intervals of the equity level. Our results shed light on the dynamic inventory control for firms with limited capital and short‐term financing capabilities.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 184–201, 2014     

试论性能化防火设计在消防监督工作中的局限性——以某商业综合体为例

近年来,超大体量建设工程大多通过性能化防火设计方法解决超规范设计的问题,虽然性能化防火设计在理论、模拟计算和分析论证上满足设定安全目标,但设计评估过程忽视我国国情、社会环境影响、公民素质及安全管理水平等实际情况,过分依赖后期管理,如处理不当,极易产生新的消防安全隐患.以某商业综合体为例,分析性能化防火设计的建筑物在实际消防监督工作中的局限性,旨在提醒各级消防监管部门、性能化设计评估单位、评审专家充分认识外部环境对性能化设计方案的影响,使性能化设计更加符合实际.     

（S，S）策略随机存储系统库存极限分布研究

首先给出了（s,s）策略随机存储系统极限库存分布的概念及更新过程的一些基本知识。利用更新过程的理论给出了极限库存分布的解析表达,并讨论了需求分布为指数分布的情形。然后利用系统仿真的方法进行验证,表明解析方法与仿真方法的结果完全一致。论文结果说明了解析推导的正确性和系统仿真方法的科学性。