英汉语的思维及翻译

从中西方不同的思维方式在汉英互译过程中产生的影响展开讨论,进而探讨由于中西方不同的思维方式在汉英互译过程中,在语言上呈现出的主要差异,指出学习和掌握中西方不同思维方式如何作用于各自的语言,对汉英互译的准确性有很大帮助。     

基于刚柔耦合的坦克炮发射动力学仿真分析

炮口扰动是影响坦克炮射击精度的重要因素,为研究弹丸出炮口瞬间的炮口扰动规律,基于多体动力学与有限元方法构建了坦克刚柔耦合的全车动力学仿真模型,该模型考虑了身管的柔性特性,对身管进行了模态分析,得到了身管的模态中性文件。通过仿真,对比了后坐部分最大后坐位移与最大后坐速度的试验值与仿真值,对刚柔耦合模型的仿真结果进行了验证。在此基础上,分析了刚性身管和柔性身管对炮口扰动的影响,结果表明：考虑身管柔性特性的刚柔耦合模型能够有效提高坦克炮射击仿真精度。     

Integrated guidance and control of guided projectile with multiple constraints based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface

Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface (FADS), an integrated guidance and control (IGC) approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile, which was robust to target maneuver, canard dynamic characteristics, and multiple constraints, such as impact angle, limited measurement of line of sight (LOS) angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. Initially, a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established, and extended state observer (ESO) was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system, including aerodynamic parameters perturbation, target maneuver and model errors. Secondly, aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law. Furthermore, combining with dynamic surface, which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws, the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law. Finally, the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded, rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.     

Influence of high overload on the collimating lenses of laser ranging systems

Collimating lenses are an important component of laser ranging systems, and high overload environments severely affect the beam shaping effect of such lenses. This study proposes a buffer isolation method on the basis of impact stress wave attenuation theory for collimating lens spacers. ANSYS finite element software was applied to simulate the high load dynamics of collimating lenses, and the buffer isolation performance of different materials and composite structures was compared and analysed. Optical simulation analysis of the collimating lenses under different buffer conditions was performed using ZEMAX software to study the mechanism by which a high overload affects the collimating lenses. High overload and optical shaping experiments based on theoretical analysis were further conducted. Results showed the superiority of butadiene rubber to polytetrafluoroethylene after application of 70000 g impact acceleration. The combination-gasket method was superior to the single-gasket method, and the sandwich combination-gasket method was superior to the double-layer combination-gasket method.     

双层气囊隔振装置多目标协同姿态控制方法

针对双层气囊隔振装置高精度姿态平衡控制需求,提出多目标协同姿态控制方法。通过建立双层隔振装置动力学模型、充放气控制等效作用力模型,建立了控制响应特性分析模型。并基于多目标满意优化方法建立了多目标协同姿态控制方法,使得双层气囊隔振装置能够较好地适应上下层气囊隔振装置姿态耦合,实现姿态平衡控制,并可有效抑制结构弹性变形对姿态平衡控制的影响。在双层气囊隔振装置上验证了该控制方法的可行性。该方法将用于某型船舶大型发电机组双层气囊隔振系统,实现双层气囊隔振装置柔性支撑状态下的姿态平衡控制。     

基于VMD和SVM的舰船辐射噪声特征提取及分类识别

针对复杂海洋背景下舰船声频辐射噪声特征提取困难的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解、中心频率、复杂度特征和支持向量机的舰船辐射噪声特征提取及分类识别方法。对四类舰船辐射噪声信号使用变分模态方法分解,得到一定数量的固有模态函数。通过比较提取能量最大的固有模态函数中心频率和排列熵作为特征参数,并利用支持向量机方法对四类舰船信号样本进行分类识别。实验结果表明,该方法可以实现对舰船辐射噪声的特征提取,与已有方法对比,该方法具有较高的识别率。     

基于多时刻目标运动模式分布的多模型算法

在机动目标跟踪过程中,传感器在利用量测数据计算目标状态的同时,需要完成对目标运动模式的估计,并根据估计结果对传感器滤波方程的参数或结构进行调整,以减小滤波方程与目标运动模式之间的差异,提高对机动目标的跟踪精度.针对已有多模型算法的不足,利用多个时刻的目标运动模式分布来解决混合估计问题,提出一种新的次优多模型(MTMM)算法.仿真结果证明了MTMM算法的有效性.     

电驱动车辆反馈线性化自适应滑模滑移率控制

针对驱动和制动工况下电驱动汽车的滑移率控制这一强非线性和不确定性控制问题,提出了一种基于反馈线性化的自适应滑模控制(ASMC)方法。针对车辆驱动、制动工况下的车轮滑移率进行了动力学分析,建立了统一的状态方程。充分利用系统已知模型和参数,采用线性化反馈消除非线性变化的控制量增益系数的影响,通过对反馈项增益参数的自适应调整,适应附着路面不确定参数变化的控制要求,克服系统控制中存在的主要非线性和不确定性部分,对于系统难以建模描述部分,视为扰动,利用滑模控制抑制系统该部分的不确定性因素,同时保证系统响应的快速性,并对算法进行了Lyapunov稳定性分析。最后,以某型电动汽车为对象进行了仿真分析,结果表明采用ASMC控制系统动态响应快、精度高、抗扰能力强,对路面参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性,同时输出控制量抖振小。     

基于不同能量值特征优选的水声目标识别

采用Bartlet平均周期图、小波变换和经验模态分解方法分别提取信号的频段能量值特征、IMF能量值特征,重点对IMF能量值特征进行特征优选。通过设计BP神经网络分类器,对实测的四类舰船目标的辐射噪声信号进行测试,取得了较好的识别效果。     

地球扰动引力对弹道导弹命中精度影响的等效补偿理论

为消除地球扰动引力的影响、提高弹道导弹的命中精度,根据地球扰动引力对弹道导弹运动影响的特性与控制系统理论,建立不直接补偿地球扰动引力对导弹运动参数的影响却能满足命中精度要求的等效补偿理论。根据不同补偿方式与补偿量的特点,提出嵌入式、分步式、分段式等补偿模式,为补偿地球扰动引力对导弹运动的影响提供了一个通用框架和理论基础。