A novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,minimum mean square variance criterion and least mean square adaptive filter

Underwater acoustic signal processing is one of the research hotspots in underwater acoustics. Noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals is the key to underwater acoustic signal processing. Owing to the complexity of marine environment and the particularity of underwater acoustic channel, noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals has always been a difficult challenge in the field of underwater acoustic signal processing. In order to solve the dilemma, we proposed a novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), minimum mean square variance criterion (MMSVC) and least mean square adaptive filter (LMSAF). This noise reduction technique, named CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF, has three main advantages: (i) as an improved algorithm of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble EMD (EEMD), CEEMDAN can better suppress mode mixing, and can avoid selecting the number of decomposition in variational mode decomposition (VMD); (ii) MMSVC can identify noisy intrinsic mode function (IMF), and can avoid selecting thresholds of different permutation entropies; (iii) for noise reduction of noisy IMFs, LMSAF overcomes the selection of decomposition number and basis function for wavelet noise reduction. Firstly, CEEMDAN decomposes the original signal into IMFs, which can be divided into noisy IMFs and real IMFs. Then, MMSVC and LMSAF are used to detect identify noisy IMFs and remove noise components from noisy IMFs. Finally, both denoised noisy IMFs and real IMFs are reconstructed and the final denoised signal is obtained. Compared with other noise reduction techniques, the validity of CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF can be proved by the analysis of simulation signals and real underwater acoustic signals, which has the better noise reduction effect and has practical application value. CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF also provides a reliable basis for the detection, feature extraction, classification and recognition of underwater acoustic signals.     

Experimental study on explosion dispersion process of a multi-layer composite charge under different initiation modes

The influence of initiation modes on the explosive dispersion process of the multi-layer composite charge (MCC) was studied. Overpressure sensors and high-speed photography system were used to investigate the energy release process of an MCC with a specific structure. The shock wave pressure and explosive dispersion characteristics of the MCC under different initiation modes were compared. The forming and expanding process of the shock wave of the composite charge under different initiation modes was determined. The separation position of the shock wave and fireball interface was determined. The calculation formulas of the shock radius and overpressure of the composite charge are presented. The radius of the shock wave of the composite charge was significantly affected by the initiation mode. Moreover, the development process of the composite explosive fireball under different initiation modes was analyzed, the variation rules of the composite charge dispersion radius and fireball dispersion velocity with time were obtained under the different initiation modes, the explosion energy release rate of composite charge under simultaneous initiation modes was the highest, and the peak overpressure under the simultaneous initiation mode was 1.61 times that of central single-point initiation.     

温度对半导体激光器退化的影响

采取等效电路模型仿真和加速退化试验相结合的方法研究温度对半导体激光器不同退化模式的影响规律。针对半导体激光器有源区退化和腔面退化进行分析,发现有源区退化会使半导体激光器阈值电流增大,而腔面退化会使半导体激光器斜率效率减小;进行了半导体激光器热特性建模与仿真,发现温度升高会使半导体激光器阈值电流增大;利用半导体激光器加速退化试验平台进行了半导体激光器加速退化试验。仿真与试验结果证明:温度升高会加剧半导体激光器腔面退化,而对有源区退化无显著影响。上述结论对进一步完善半导体激光器温度-退化仿真模型,研究温度对半导体激光器退化的作用机理和防护措施有积极作用。     

Pricing and capacity allocation strategies: Implications for manufacturers with product sharing

Emerging sharing modes, like the consumer-to-consumer (C2C) sharing of Uber and the business-to-consumer (B2C) sharing of GoFun, have considerably affected the retailing markets of traditional manufacturers, who are motivated to consider product sharing when making pricing and capacity decisions, particularly electric car manufacturers with limited capacity. In this paper, we examine the equilibrium pricing for a capacity-constrained manufacturer under various sharing modes and further analyze the impact of capacity constraint on the manufacturer's sharing mode selection as well as equilibrium outcomes. We find that manufacturers with low-cost products prefer B2C sharing while those with high-cost products prefer C2C sharing except when the sharing price is moderate. However, limited capacity motivates manufacturers to enter into the B2C sharing under a relatively low sharing price, and raise the total usage level by sharing high-cost products. We also show that the equilibrium capacity allocated to the sharing market with low-cost products first increases and then decreases. Finally, we find that sharing low-cost products with a high limited capacity leads to a lower retail price under B2C sharing, which creates a win-win situation for both the manufacturer and consumers. However, sharing high-cost products with a low limited capacity creates a win-lose situation for them.     

空袭模式的进化与防护技术的发展

通过分析空袭兵器、空袭历史、防空体系和防护技术的发展,将空袭模式划分为防区内(低空)地毯式打击、防区内(中低空)多手段打击、防区外陆海空三位一体精确打击三代。将防护体系划分为"边陲墙壕烽火台+腹地城池"、"防空系统+防护工程"两代。并预测了第四代空袭模式:防区外陆海空天四位一体全球快速精确打击和与之相对应的第三代"防空反导+信息化防护工程"防护体系。根据打击力和防护力相生相克的矛盾运动,提出了末端防护工程应吸收信息技术、发展综合防护技术,信息化时代的防护工程不仅要保护可以转入地下的目标,而且要保护无法转入地下的目标。从源头上为陆基目标防护的研究和建设提供参考和启迪。     

培养高素质复合型军事人才的战略思考

军队建设和未来战争呼唤高素质复合型的军事人才.抓紧培养和造就一大批高素质复合型军事人才,是我军建设的战略选择和根本大计,也是我军院校的神圣职责和光荣使命.而要培养高素质复合型军事人才,必须首先更新教育思想观念,并以先进的教育思想观念为指导,确立科学的人才目标模型,优化教学总体设计;必须在加强课程教学上下功夫,把教学内容作为深化改革的核心和关键,同时抓好与其相适应的各项配套改革,确保整个教学改革协调一致的发展;必须不断创新军事人才培养模式,全面提高办学水平,从机制和实力2方面来保证培养目标的实现.     

考虑弹体动态特性的非奇异有限时间制导律

为满足导弹拦截机动目标时交会角约束和有限时间收敛的需求,建立了考虑弹体一阶动态特性的制导模型。把目标加速度视为有界外界干扰,同时结合非线性反步设计法中的动态面法,设计一种考虑弹体动态延迟的非奇异滑模制导律,并且证明了基于Lyapunov稳定性理论制导系统状态可渐进收敛到零。在所设计的制导律下,对单侧机动的低空高速目标进行仿真。仿真结果表明所设计的非奇异制导律可以有效降低弹体动态延迟带来的影响,而且具有较低的脱靶量与交会角误差;与考虑弹体动态特性和交会角约束的最优导引律相比,其具有更高的制导精度。     

基于迭代学习观测器的卫星姿态滑模容错控制

为解决卫星上反作用飞轮存在安装偏差、故障及外部干扰情况下的姿态控制问题,提出了一种基于迭代学习观测器的姿态容错控制方法。该方法通过设计迭代学习观测器,以较小的计算量实现对执行机构发生的故障以及安装偏差进行精确的估计。并利用观测器的观测结果设计滑模控制器,使处于外部干扰条件下的卫星系统在执行机构发生故障的情况下可以快速稳定地完成姿态机动任务。进一步基于Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了迭代学习观测器及控制器的全局渐近稳定性。针对反作用飞轮存在不确定性及故障的情况下进行仿真,仿真结果表明,与同类容错控制方法相比,所提方法可以更加快速精确地对故障进行估计并完成姿态控制。     

空气深度预冷组合循环发动机吸气式模态建模及性能分析

针对空气深度预冷组合循环发动机——协同吸气式火箭发动机(Synergistic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine,SABRE),采用部件法对其进行建模,匹配计算得到吸气式模态下飞行走廊内其性能参数变化规律,并研究其高度速度特性。计算模型可信度较高,推力误差小于6%,能够较为准确地模拟SABRE吸气式模态的性能参数。结果表明:SABRE兼具火箭发动机大推力和航空发动机高比冲的特点,吸气式模态下比冲介于21 300~27 380 m/s,随着高度速度的增大,其推力比冲先增大后减小;SABRE利用预冷器将入口空气温度降低,可使其空域速域拓宽至25 km、5Ma,满足高超声速飞行的动力需求;发动机速度下限由压气机最大流量决定,速度上限则由氦气回路减压器工作限制条件决定。     

舰船主动力装置故障隔离与参数估计方法

针对舰船主动力装置结构复杂、故障种类多和系统不确定性等故障诊断问题,提出采用基于双因果键合图模型的定量故障隔离与参数估计方法。根据系统传感器配置方案,建立双因果键合图模型,通过因果路径分析,推导得到系统解析冗余关系,并获得故障特征矩阵。建立系统线性分式变换键合图模型,开展故障仿真,将其与双因果键合图模型耦合,在MATLAB/Simulink环境中进行仿真试验,实现了舰船主动力装置的故障隔离与参数估计。结果表明：对双因果键合图模型因果路径分析,可以避免手动推导系统解析冗余关系的繁杂过程;基于其部件构造方程的分析可以有效实现系统故障隔离与参数估计,实时跟踪和预测故障状态。