Using a birth‐and‐death process to estimate the steady‐state distribution of a periodic queue

If the number of customers in a queueing system as a function of time has a proper limiting steady‐state distribution, then that steady‐state distribution can be estimated from system data by fitting a general stationary birth‐and‐death (BD) process model to the data and solving for its steady‐state distribution using the familiar local‐balance steady‐state equation for BD processes, even if the actual process is not a BD process. We show that this indirect way to estimate the steady‐state distribution can be effective for periodic queues, because the fitted birth and death rates often have special structure allowing them to be estimated efficiently by fitting parametric functions with only a few parameters, for example, 2. We focus on the multiserver M_t/GI/s queue with a nonhomogeneous Poisson arrival process having a periodic time‐varying rate function. We establish properties of its steady‐state distribution and fitted BD rates. We also show that the fitted BD rates can be a useful diagnostic tool to see if an M_t/GI/s model is appropriate for a complex queueing system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 664–685, 2015     

基于Vague集的目标优先级求解方法

针对地面防空武器系统中目标优先级排序问题,建立了基于Vague集的目标优先级的模型。首先分析并量化了优先级影响因素中的定性指标和定量指标,建立了基于Vague集目标优先级决策矩阵;其次,针对传统基于Vague集目标优先级求解问题中影响因素权重难以确定问题,提出了基于Vague值距离测度最大化原理的权重确定方法,该方法有效地避免了权重选择的主观性;最后根据综合贴近度进行优先级的排序。算例仿真验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于委托模式的多分辨率联合仿真

多分辨率联合仿真是实现多层次、多视角仿真的有效方法之一。现有多分辨率联合仿真模式存在一致性偏差和仿真剧情割裂问题,从而影响仿真的有效性。为此,提出基于委托模式的多分辨率联合仿真思路,该模式下能够较好地避免仿真剧情割裂问题,同时降低一致性问题的解决难度。通过实例验证,该方法较好地适用于大规模作战和局部作战行动的多分辨率联合仿真。     

基于Vague集极值记分函数的装甲分队目标威胁评估

为了快速准确地对装甲分队作战单元面临的目标进行威胁度判断,提高信息化装甲分队作战辅助决策水平,建立了基于Vague集的极值记分函数评估模型,且构造了适合威胁评估的记分函数。实例分析表明,该模型可有效地完成目标威胁评估与排序,为分队火力优化控制提供重要数据支持。     

基于随机集理论的多目标跟踪方法

多目标跟踪问题通常包括目标信号的检测与目标状态的估计,同时还涉及到对探测范围内目标数量的确定。传统的跟踪方法将目标检测、状态估计与数量确定分别使用独立的模块或算法来处理。在这种模式下,每个模块仅考虑测量数据中与其功能直接相关的信息,模块之间没有信息的交互,因而很难得到全局最优的解。基于随机集理论的多目标跟踪方法将场景内的全部目标看作一个全局变量,目标状态与目标测量分别构成各自的随机有限集。从而多目标跟踪问题可以放在一个随机集模型下的贝叶斯滤波框架中研究。在每一个滤波周期内,通过对随机集的处理,实时地估计目标的数量、状态与类型,实现多目标的联合检测、跟踪与识别。     

基于粗糙集的武器装备体系贡献度评估方法

有效评估体系贡献度,是武器装备发展论证、作战试验开展和作战使用保障的一项基础性工作。分析了武器装备体系贡献度的概念内涵,构建了武器装备体系贡献度评估指标体系,给出了基于粗糙集的武器装备体系贡献度评估模型与步骤,并进行了算例评估与验证分析。研究工作表明,粗糙集评估法较好地解决了评估数据少、模糊或者不确定的问题,对难以完全量化系统的武器装备体系贡献度评估提供了新的解决思路与具体方法。     

基于Vague集模糊值线性序法的雷达抗干扰效能评估

针对已有评估方法存在的不足,提出了一种基于Vague集模糊值线性序法的雷达抗干扰效能评估方法。分析了影响雷达抗干扰效能的指标因素,给出了各评价指标的模糊值表示,建立了基于Vague集模糊值线性序法的雷达抗干扰效能综合评价模型,得到了评价其效能的排序方法。最后通过实例分析验证,该方法评估结果准确,具有一定参考价值。     

Dynamic inventory control with limited capital and short‐term financing

For most firms, especially the small‐ and medium‐sized ones, the operational decisions are affected by their internal capital and ability to obtain external capital. However, the majority of the literature on dynamic inventory control ignores the firm's financial status and financing issues. An important question that arises is: what are the optimal inventory and financing policies for firms with limited internal capital and limited access to external capital? In this article, we study a dynamic inventory control problem where a capital‐constrained firm periodically purchases a product from a supplier and sells it to a market with random demands. In each period, the firm can use its own capital and/or borrow a short‐term loan to purchase the product, with the interest rate being nondecreasing in the loan size. The objective is to maximize the firm's expected terminal wealth at the end of the planning horizon. We show that the optimal inventory policy in each period is an equity‐level‐dependent base‐stock policy, where the equity level is the sum of the firm's capital level and the value of its on‐hand inventory evaluated at the purchasing cost; and the structure of the optimal policy can be characterized by four intervals of the equity level. Our results shed light on the dynamic inventory control for firms with limited capital and short‐term financing capabilities.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 184–201, 2014     

A note on signature‐based expressions for the entropy of mixed r‐out‐of‐ n systems

We provide an expression for the Shannon entropy of mixed r‐out‐of‐ n systems when the lifetimes of the components are independent and identically distributed. The expression gives the system's entropy in terms of the system signature, the distribution and density functions of the lifetime model, and the information measures of the beta distribution. Bounds for the system's entropy are obtained by direct applications of the concavity of the entropy and the information inequality.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 202–206, 2014     

Computational complexity of finding Pareto efficient outcomes for biobjective lot‐sizing models

In this article, we study a biobjective economic lot‐sizing problem with applications, among others, in green logistics. The first objective aims to minimize the total lot‐sizing costs including production and inventory holding costs, whereas the second one minimizes the maximum production and inventory block expenditure. We derive (almost) tight complexity results for the Pareto efficient outcome problem under nonspeculative lot‐sizing costs. First, we identify nontrivial problem classes for which this problem is polynomially solvable. Second, if we relax any of the parameter assumptions, we show that (except for one case) finding a single Pareto efficient outcome is an ‐hard task in general. Finally, we shed some light on the task of describing the Pareto frontier. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 386–402, 2014