卧式储油罐罐体变位模型与罐容表标定

针对储油罐罐体变位影响油品计量精度的问题,建立了球冠形封头卧式储油罐罐体变位模型,将罐体变位后的油位高度转换成无变位时的油位高度,再利用罐体无变位时的储油体积计算模型得到变位后储油体积与油位高度的关系。分析了罐体变位对罐容表的影响,提出了一种基于最小二乘原理的变位参数识别算法,最后对该变位模型进行了检验,并采用插值算法重新标定了变位后的罐容表。结果表明:该变位模型与实际情况基本相符,变位参数识别算法能估计出罐体倾斜角度和偏转角度。     

内压圆筒大开孔结构补强设计与应力分析

根据整体补强和厚壁接管补强2种型式,为内压圆筒大开孔结构确定满足结构和工艺要求的圆筒壁厚和3种规格接管壁厚。采用压力面积法和ASME规范对该大开孔结构进行强度校核,并运用有限元分析法进行结构的应力分析和数字模拟,比较不同壁厚接管的补强效果,从而确定容器的结构尺寸。设备实际运行结果表明:该结构强度满足工作要求。     

进气口位置和进气体积流量对油罐油气惰化置换效率的影响

采用机械通风方式对油罐油气进行处理,具有安全性差、通风时间长和效率低下的缺点;利用燃惰气对油罐油气进行处理,可较好地克服上述缺点。在前期研究的基础上,设计模拟实验台架,以燃惰气为介质,实验研究进气口位置和进气体积流量对燃惰气惰化置换油罐油气的影响。     

Experimental investigation on enhanced damage to fuel tanks by reactive projectiles impact

Enhanced damage to the full-filled fuel tank,impacted by the cold pressed and sintered PTFE/AL/W reactive material projectile(RMP)with a density of 7.8 g/cm3,is investigated experimentally and theoretically.The fuel tank is a rectangular structure,welded by six pieces of 2024 aluminum plate with a thickness of 6 mm,and filled with RP-3 aviation kerosene.Experimental results show that the kerosene is ignited by the RMP impact at a velocity above 1062 m/s,and a novel interior ignition phenomenon which is closely related to the rupture effect of the fuel tank is observed.However,the traditional steel projectile with the same mass and dimension requires a velocity up to 1649 m/s to ignite the kerosene.Based on the experimental results,the radial pressure field is considered to be the main reason for the shear failure of weld.For mechanism considerations,the chemical energy released by the RMP enhances the hydrodynamic ram(HRAM)effect and provides additional ignition sources inside the fuel tank,thereby enhancing both rupture and ignition effects.Moreover,to further understand the enhanced ignition effect of RMP,the reactive debris temperature inside the kerosene is analyzed theoretically.The initiated reactive debris with high temperature provides effective interior ignition sources to ignite the kerosene,resulting in the enhanced ignition of the kerosene.     

大深度复合同振式矢量水听器设计

针对目前深海无人移动平台缺乏与其工作深度相匹配的复合同振式矢量水听器的问题,采用薄壁铝合金球壳作为矢量通道,压电陶瓷圆环作为声压通道,设计制作了一型大深度复合同振式矢量水听器,并用理论计算、有限元仿真和实验测试的方法对其声学性能和耐压性能进行了验证。该水听器的外径为85 mm,质量为398 g,平均密度为1 240 kg/m~3,工作频段为20～3 000 Hz,矢量通道呈余弦指向性,灵敏度为-187 dB@500 Hz,声压通道无指向性,灵敏度为-191 dB@500 Hz,耐压深度为2 000 m。海上试验表明,该水听器能够搭载在水下滑翔机等深海无人平台上执行声学探测任务,在大深度声学探测领域具有重大的应用价值。