含内聚空洞固体发动机药柱的寿命预估

为了对含内聚空洞固体导弹发动机的贮存寿命进行预估,采用加速老化试验,得到该推进剂最大延伸率随贮存时间的变化规律;应用三维粘弹性有限元分析方法,对含内聚空洞的发动机贮存一定时间后直接点火发射过程进行数值仿真,从中获得发动机药柱在点火增压和轴向过载联合作用下的最大Von Mises应变.将不同贮存期药柱的最大Von Mises应变值与推进剂的最大延伸率进行对比,利用结构完整性评估准则,给出了某发动机药柱不同贮存期间内聚空洞大小的允许值.该方法可为含内聚空洞固体发动机的判废提供定量参考.     

Scheduling parallel machines with inclusive processing set restrictions

We consider the problem of assigning a set of jobs to different parallel machines of the same processing speed, where each job is compatible to only a subset of those machines. The machines can be linearly ordered such that a higher‐indexed machine can process all those jobs that a lower‐indexed machine can process. The objective is to minimize the makespan of the schedule. This problem is motivated by industrial applications such as cargo handling by cranes with nonidentical weight capacities, computer processor scheduling with memory constraints, and grades of service provision by parallel servers. We develop an efficient algorithm for this problem with a worst‐case performance ratio of + ε, where ε is a positive constant which may be set arbitrarily close to zero. We also present a polynomial time approximation scheme for this problem, which answers an open question in the literature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

耐久性及其在装备研制中的应用

机械产品在武器装备中占有较大的比例,机械产品的故障,有很多是由于疲劳、磨损、腐蚀、老化等渐变性的耗损过程造成的,寿命是机械产品可靠性中的重要问题。耐久性的提出为解决机械产品与寿命有关的问题提供了方法和工具。通过探讨耐久性的定义、极限状态、耐久性参数、耐久性分配与预计等有关耐久性的基本问题,给出了耐久性分配与预计的工程实例。     

Strategic capacity decision‐making in a stochastic manufacturing environment using real‐time approximate dynamic programming

In this study, we illustrate a real‐time approximate dynamic programming (RTADP) method for solving multistage capacity decision problems in a stochastic manufacturing environment, by using an exemplary three‐stage manufacturing system with recycle. The system is a moderate size queuing network, which experiences stochastic variations in demand and product yield. The dynamic capacity decision problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). The proposed RTADP method starts with a set of heuristics and learns a superior quality solution by interacting with the stochastic system via simulation. The curse‐of‐dimensionality associated with DP methods is alleviated by the adoption of several notions including “evolving set of relevant states,” for which the value function table is built and updated, “adaptive action set” for keeping track of attractive action candidates, and “nonparametric k nearest neighbor averager” for value function approximation. The performance of the learned solution is evaluated against (1) an “ideal” solution derived using a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation, which assumes full knowledge of future realized values of the stochastic variables (2) a myopic heuristic solution, and (3) a sample path based rolling horizon MIP solution. The policy learned through the RTADP method turned out to be superior to polices of 2 and 3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2010     

鱼雷加速可靠性试验体系

随着鱼雷技术的发展,传统模拟试验越来越难以发现其潜在缺陷,从而难以提高鱼雷武器可靠性和质量水平。加速可靠性试验体系一改传统试验做法,可使鱼雷产品可靠性得到进一步提高。主要对加速试验体系中ALT、HALT、HASS试验的国内外发展现状、理论及其在鱼雷上的应用进行了概述。     

卫星差分码偏差对北斗三号双频精密单点定位的影响

为探讨北斗三号系统不同频点组合卫星差分码偏差(differential code bias, DCB)对精密单点定位(precise point positioning, PPP)的影响,推导北斗三号系统不同频点无电离层组合卫星端DCB改正模型,并基于MGEX跟踪站连续7天4站的观测数据按7种不同双频组合进行DCB改正实验。结果表明,DCB改正对PPP精度在最初的历元有明显提升,有助于滤波的收敛及提高单天解的均方根,但对于最终定位精度无明显提升。B2a/B3I及B2b/B3I组合定位精度及收敛速度明显低于其他组合,DCB改正后有所提升。其他5种组合改正后定位精度及收敛时间相当：静态PPP单天解均方根在E、N和U方向约为5.50 cm、2.50 cm和6.25 cm,较未改正前提升20%～65%;平均收敛时间为38 min,提升约6%;动态PPP平均收敛时间为59 min,提升约20%;最终定位精度水平方向优于5 cm,高程方向优于7 cm。     

基于支持向量机的雷达弹道外推方法仿真研究

支持向量机是一种求解回归预测问题的优秀决策方法,具有坚实的理论基础和优秀的预测性能。为解决目前雷达弹道外推中存在的精度不高和不能有效识别弹道等问题,对基于支持向量机的雷达弹道外推方法进行了仿真设计,并通过仿真弹道模拟雷达采样,进行了仿真实验。仿真实验结果表明:基于支持向量机的雷达弹道外推方法实用可行,可以获得较高的外推精度,并且能够有效地进行弹道识别。     

止脱弹簧的蠕变行为与贮存寿命预测

根据止脱弹簧的受力模式和失效机理,设计了止脱弹簧的蠕变老化试验装置,对止脱弹簧进行了蠕变加速老化试验,利用图像测量技术研究了载荷和温度对止脱弹簧自由端蠕变行为的影响规律。进一步,基于Arrhenius方程建立了止脱弹簧在力-热联合载荷下的蠕变动力学方程,预测了止脱弹簧的使用寿命。研究表明:止脱弹簧的蠕变位移是一个随时间变化的单调非减函数;环境温度和载荷水平的提高都会加速止脱弹簧的蠕变。所提方法和相关结论可为蠕变型止脱弹簧的设计和寿命预测提供参考。     

A misclassification cost‐minimizing evolutionary–neural classification approach

Machine learning algorithms that incorporate misclassification costs have recently received considerable attention. In this paper, we use the principles of evolution to develop and test an evolutionary/genetic algorithm (GA)‐based neural approach that incorporates asymmetric Type I and Type II error costs. Using simulated, real‐world medical and financial data sets, we compare the results of the proposed approach with other statistical, mathematical, and machine learning approaches, which include statistical linear discriminant analysis, back‐propagation artificial neural network, integrated cost preference‐based linear mathematical programming‐based minimize squared deviations, linear integrated cost preference‐based GA, decision trees (C 5.0, and CART), and inexpensive classification with expensive tests algorithm. Our results indicate that the proposed approach incorporating asymmetric error costs results in equal or lower holdout sample misclassification cost when compared with the other statistical, mathematical, and machine learning misclassification cost‐minimizing approaches. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.     

基于WVD-Radon变换的宽带延展目标回波参数提取

分析了宽带延展目标的时延-时间伸缩效应及其导致的回波信号在时域和频率域的特性;针对LFM信号的时频分布特点,利用WVD和Radon联合变换技术,提取LFM信号在时-频域分布上的特性参数,提出了一种宽带延展目标回波参数提取方法,得到了目标的时延—时间伸缩分布.仿真结果表明,该方法是可行的.