“经济自由”与“自由经济”辨析——理想与政策

自由主义的实践历史 ,是从争取宗教自由开始 ,继而争取政治自由 ,直到近代和现代 ,却转移集中争取经济自由。“经济自由”虽然是个极重要的课题 ,但是一般论著却把目标 (理想 )性的经济自由混淆作手段 (方法 )性的自由经济 (制度 )。相应地 ,一般论者也把“经济自由主义”错误地狭限于“放任 (自由 )经济制度”以满足一小撮人的经济自由。再者 ,本文认为高寿昌先生早在 6 0年代在外地发表的《经济的自由主义》一文很具卓见和勇气 ,现在试图运用 (广义 )逻辑学把它精确化 ,特别是严格区分“经济自由”与“自由经济(制度 )” ,以显示逻辑分析的重大实用价值     

一种基于程序域边界分析的测试方法

边界附近的点对程序故障更加敏感.针对这一特征,提出了一种基于程序域边界分析的测试方法.从被测程序本身出发,进行定义域确定及子域划分,分析定义域边界和子域边界,并跟据其边界测试点产生测试用例,以检测域边界附近的处理.实验表明对定义域边界及其子域边界进行测试,可有效地提高故障覆盖率.     

4×4轮式两栖车可升降独立悬架方案的仿真研究

对4×4轮式两栖车的可升降独立悬架进行了方案选择与具体设计;前悬架采用双横臂式扭杆弹簧带摩擦减振器的可提升悬架,后悬架采用肘内传动式单纵臂导向机构的可提升悬架;并在此基础上用ADAMS软件建立了整车三维实体参数化模型,在该模型下对选择的方案进行了动态仿真研究.最终确定出该悬架方案形式是一种可行方案.在方案验证时,采用了虚拟样机设计技术和动态仿真研究手段,利用轮式整车模型,在ADAMS/View环境下,以操纵稳定性分析为重点,进行了车轮提升、通过性、稳态转向特性、瞬态横摆响应以及回正能力等的仿真分析.     

The “signature” of a coherent system and its application to comparisons among systems

Various methods and criteria for comparing coherent systems are discussed. Theoretical results are derived for comparing systems of a given order when components are assumed to have independent and identically distributed lifetimes. All comparisons rely on the representation of a system's lifetime distribution as a function of the system's “signature,” that is, as a function of the vector p= (p₁, … , p_n), where p_i is the probability that the system fails upon the occurrence of the ith component failure. Sufficient conditions are provided for the lifetime of one system to be larger than that of another system in three different senses: stochastic ordering, hazard rate ordering, and likelihood ratio ordering. Further, a new preservation theorem for hazard rate ordering is established. In the final section, the notion of system signature is used to examine a recently published conjecture regarding componentwise and systemwise redundancy. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 507–523, 1999     

雷达诱饵对空空导弹对抗干扰效果分析

在复杂电子对抗条件下,采用伴飞诱饵对雷达制导空空导弹进行干扰可以有效地提高载机的突防和生存概率。为一次得到在干扰下空空导弹脱靶量与时间的关系,分析诱饵对空空导弹干扰的对抗过程,创新性的采用伴随方法建立了诱饵作用下空空导弹末制导伴随模型,并通过放真程序进行仿真得到对抗过程中各种条件下的空空导弹末制导脱靶量,结果表明,载机在合适的时间投放诱饵并机动能够引起较大脱靶量并降低空空导弹对载机的威胁程度,证明了伴随方法的有效性并为伴飞诱饵的应用提供理论依据。     

Effect of particle gradation of aluminum on the explosion field pressure and temperature of RDX-based explosives in vacuum and air atmosphere

To optimize the energy output and improve the energy utilization efficiency of an aluminized explosive, an explosion device was developed and used to investigate the detonation pressure and temperature of R1 (Al6) aluminum powder and the aluminum powder particle gradation of R2 (Al6+Al13), R3 (Al6+Al24) and R4 (Al6+Al flake) in a confined space. By using gas chromatography, quantitative analysis and calculations were carried out to analyze the gaseous detonation products. Finally, the reaction ratios of the aluminum powder and the explosion reaction equations were calculated. The results show that in a confined space, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperature of the aluminum powder in air are higher than in vacuum. In vacuum, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R3>R4>R2 and R3>R4>R1>R2, respectively. In air, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R2>R4>R3 and R1>R4>R2>R3, respectively. R4 (Al6+Al flake) and R3 (Al6+Al24) have relatively higher temperatures after detonation, which shows that the particle gradation method can enhance the reaction energy output of aluminum during the initial reaction stage of the explosion and increase the reaction ratio by 10.6% and 8.0%, respectively. In air, the reaction ratio of Al6 aluminum powder can reach as high as 78.16%, and the reaction ratio is slightly reduced after particle gradation. Finally, the reaction equations of the explosives in vacuum and in air were calculated by quantitative analysis of the explosion products, which provides a powerful basis for the study of RDX-based explosive reactions.     

近地卫星Ka频段数传链路抗雨衰ACM模式设计

针对近地卫星数传时的信道时变性和严重的Ka频段雨衰现象,采用自适应编码调制（ACM）技术能够充分利用链路资源,相对于传统的固定编码调制方式,进一步提高了链路的数据吞吐量。提出了近地卫星Ka频段数传链路ACM模式设计方法,在降雨环境下建立Ka频段数传链路模型,根据信道状况确定ACM选用模式;采用基于导频符号的最大似然信噪比估计算法结合移动平均的平滑方法实现信道估计,有效地减小了估计值的波动。仿真结果表明,无论晴天还是雨天,采用提出的卫星数传链路ACM模式设计方法,能够在保证系统可靠性的同时获取较高的数据吞吐量。     

高超声速变形飞行器翼面变形模式分析

为提高高超声速翼身组合式飞行器的射程,研究了采用不同翼面变形模式时,飞行器在马赫数3~8内的气动特性和翼面效率。针对典型的轴对称翼身组合式外形,采用Navier-Stokes方程进行数值模拟,对伸缩、变后掠和二维折叠三种变形模式下的外形在超声速及高超声速来流条件下进行模拟,并对升阻比、翼面单位面积升阻比和操稳特性进行分析。结果表明:在超声速及高超声速范围内,变后掠变形模式在宽速域内升阻比提高明显,同时具备优良的翼面效率及操稳特性,其在马赫数3~8范围内具有最优的综合性能。研究成果能对高超声速翼身组合式变形飞行器布局设计提供参考,具有一定的指导意义。     

利用复单脉冲比的平面阵列雷达群目标检测方法

针对平面阵列雷达群目标检测问题,以矩形阵为例,详细分析方位向和俯仰向复单脉冲比虚部的统计特性;建立平面阵列雷达群目标检测模型,根据恒虚警检测原理推导复单脉冲比虚部的椭圆判决域,并利用复单脉冲比实部辅助判决,综合提出基于复单脉冲比的平面阵列雷达群目标检测算法。针对双目标情形进行仿真实验,结果表明:在较高信噪比、较大角度间隔以及幅度相当且相位差较大的条件下算法能够有效检测群目标。     

地空导弹弹道仿真模型

地空导弹弹道仿真是地空导弹火力单元作战过程仿真的一个重要环节,仿真模型的合理性、算法的可行性、过程描述的正确性,直接影响防空作战仿真结果.从仿真的实际需要出发,给出不同引导方法下的弹道仿真模型、算法、过程描述及关键问题的解决方法,并通过实际应用验证了模型、算法的合理性、可行性和实用性.