Synchronization in hub terminals with the circular arrangement problem

Hub terminals are important entities in modern distribution networks and exist for any transportation device, that is, cross docks and parcel distribution centers for trucks, container ports for ships, railway yards for trains, and hub airports for aircraft. In any of these hubs, the mid‐term planning task of synchronizing the transshipment of goods and passengers when servicing the transportation devices has to be solved, for which many different solution approaches specifically tailored to the respective application exist. We, however, take a unified view on synchronization in hubs and aim at a general building block. As a point of origin, a basic vertex ordering problem, the circular arrangement problem (CAP), is identified. We explain the relation between the CAP and hub processes, develop suited algorithms for solving the CAP, and extend the basic CAP by multiple additions, for example, arrival times, limited storage space, and multiple service points, make the problem adaptable to a wide range of hub terminals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 454–469, 2015     

Progressive Type‐II censoring and coherent systems

A new connection between the distribution of component failure times of a coherent system and (adaptive) progressively Type‐II censored order statistics is established. Utilizing this property, we develop inferential procedures when the data is given by all component failures until system failure in two scenarios: In the case of complete information, we assume that the failed component is also observed whereas in the case of incomplete information, we have only information about the failure times but not about the components which have failed. In the first setting, we show that inferential methods for adaptive progressively Type‐II censored data can directly be applied to the problem. For incomplete information, we face the problem that the corresponding censoring plan is not observed and that the available inferential procedures depend on the knowledge of the used censoring plan. To get estimates for distributional parameters, we propose maximum likelihood estimators which can be obtained by solving the likelihood equations directly or via an Expectation‐Maximization‐algorithm type procedure. For an exponential distribution, we discuss also a linear estimator to estimate the mean. Moreover, we establish exact distributions for some estimators in the exponential case which can be used, for example, to construct exact confidence intervals. The results are illustrated by a five component bridge system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 512–530, 2015     

全CFRP筋混凝土柱低周反复荷载试验研究

考虑轴压比、剪跨比和配箍形式的影响,对6根全CFRP筋混凝土柱进行低周反复荷载试验,通过分析滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性系数和耗能能力等特征,研究CFRP筋混凝土柱的抗震性能。试验结果表明:CFRP筋混凝土柱具有较强承载能力和变形能力;轴压比和剪跨比是影响试件抗震性能的主要因素,轴压比越小,试件的变形和耗能能力越强,刚度退化越平缓,剪跨比越大,试件的变形能力越强;通用屈服弯矩法计算得到的延性系数能够较好反映CFRP筋混凝土柱的延性,轴压比越小、剪跨比越大,试件的延性越好;新型螺旋式矩形箍筋在试件延性及耗能方面表现良好,可以应用于工程实际。     

微波脉冲对导航接收机跟踪环路载噪比的影响

为了明确微波脉冲对导航接收机的最佳干扰参数,通过对微波脉冲干扰下导航接收机跟踪环路相关处理的理论分析,根据微波脉冲谱线、扩频码谱线以及相干积分时间三者之间的关系,提出一种微波脉冲干扰分类方法,推导了不同参数微波脉冲干扰下相关输出功率和载噪比,并进行了试验验证。理论分析与试验结果表明,当微波脉冲宽度大于等于扩频码周期且小于相干积分时间时,进入相干积分器带宽内的多条微波脉冲谱线干扰某一条扩频码谱线,该微波脉冲参数对导航接收机的干扰效果最佳,且优于连续波干扰;随着干扰谱线数量增多,跟踪环路相关输出功率值增加,载噪比减小,干扰效果增强。     

基于SNR的烟幕干扰效果仿真

烟幕对红外等电磁波具有吸收、反射和散射特性,可导致导引头上接收的能量大大衰减,从而降低导弹的命中概率.针对外场烟幕性能测试受气象条件和环境因素的影响较大,对准确评估抗红外烟幕遮蔽性能存在较大困难的情况,结合气象条件从烟幕透过率的变化引起导引头信噪比变化的角度,建立了烟幕干扰效果的评估模型,通过计算机仿真,得出了烟幕对红外制导导弹的干扰效果.通过试验对其中的一些结论进行了实验验证,结果表明计算结果能够与实验数据较好吻合.     

Signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio estimation for wireless communication systems: Methods and analysis

The Signal‐to‐Interference‐plus‐Noise Ratio (SINR) is an important metric of wireless communication link quality. SINR estimates have several important applications. These include optimizing the transmit power level for a target quality of service, assisting with handoff decisions and dynamically adapting the data rate for wireless Internet applications. Accurate SINR estimation provides for both a more efficient system and a higher user‐perceived quality of service. In this paper, we develop new SINR estimators and compare their mean squared error (MSE) performance. We show that our new estimators dominate estimators that have previously appeared in the literature with respect to MSE. The sequence of transmitted bits in wireless communication systems consists of both pilot bits (which are known both to the transmitter and receiver) and user bits (which are known only by the transmitter). The SINR estimators we consider alternatively depend exclusively on pilot bits, exclusively on user bits, or simultaneously use both pilot and user bits. In addition, we consider estimators that utilize smoothing and feedback mechanisms. Smoothed estimators are motivated by the fact that the interference component of the SINR changes relatively slowly with time, typically with the addition or departure of a user to the system. Feedback estimators are motivated by the fact that receivers typically decode bits correctly with a very high probability, and therefore user bits can be thought of as quasipilot bits. For each estimator discussed, we derive an exact or approximate formula for its MSE. Satterthwaite approximations, noncentral F distributions (singly and doubly) and distribution theory of quadratic forms are the key statistical tools used in developing the MSE formulas. In the case of approximate MSE formulas, we validate their accuracy using simulation techniques. The approximate MSE formulas, of interest in their own right for comparing the quality of the estimators, are also used for optimally combining estimators. In particular, we derive optimal weights for linearly combining an estimator based on pilot bits with an estimator based on user bits. The optimal weights depend on the MSE of the two estimators being combined, and thus the accurate approximate MSE formulas can conveniently be used. The optimal weights also depend on the unknown SINR, and therefore need to be estimated in order to construct a useable combined estimator. The impact on the MSE of the combined estimator due to estimating the weights is examined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Failure profiles of coherent systems

In this paper we first introduce and study the notion of failure profiles which is based on the concepts of paths and cuts in system reliability. The relationship of failure profiles to two notions of component importance is highlighted, and an expression for the density function of the lifetime of a coherent system, with independent and not necessarily identical component lifetimes, is derived. We then demonstrate the way that failure profiles can be used to establish likelihood ratio orderings of lifetimes of two systems. Finally we use failure profiles to obtain bounds, in the likelihood ratio sense, on the lifetimes of coherent systems with independent and not necessarily identical component lifetimes. The bounds are relatively easy to compute and use. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Coordinated pricing and inventory control problems with capacity constraints and fixed ordering cost

This article addresses a single‐item, finite‐horizon, periodic‐review coordinated decision model on pricing and inventory control with capacity constraints and fixed ordering cost. Demands in different periods are random and independent of each other, and their distributions depend on the price in the current period. Each period's stochastic demand function is the additive demand model. Pricing and ordering decisions are made at the beginning of each period, and all shortages are backlogged. The objective is to find an optimal policy that maximizes the total expected discounted profit. We show that the profit‐to‐go function is strongly CK‐concave, and the optimal policy has an (s,S,P) ‐like structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

Parametric inference for component distributions from lifetimes of systems with dependent components

In system reliability analysis, for an n ‐component system, the estimation of the performance of the components in the system is not straightforward in practice, especially when the components are dependent. Here, by assuming the n components in the system to be identically distributed with a common distribution belonging to a scale‐family and the dependence structure between the components being known, we discuss the estimation of the lifetime distributions of the components in the system based on the lifetimes of systems with the same structure. We develop a general framework for inference on the scale parameter of the component lifetime distribution. Specifically, the method of moments estimator (MME) and the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) are derived for the scale parameter, and the conditions for the existence of the MLE are also discussed. The asymptotic confidence intervals for the scale parameter are also developed based on the MME and the MLE. General simulation procedures for the system lifetime under this model are described. Finally, some examples of two‐ and three‐component systems are presented to illustrate all the inferential procedures developed here. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

高灵敏度GPS软件接收机捕获算法

针对传统方法难以实现室内环境下GPS信号的捕获以及传统弱信号捕获算法的一系列弊端,介绍了一种新的捕获算法。由于数据段通过“先累加后相关”的方式进行相干积分可以减少运算量,以此方法改进的半位捕获法进行数据段选择可以避免导航数据位翻转,并且改进后的差分相干积分能够减小非相干积分造成的“平方损失”和改善信噪比,融合上述优点,提出了一种新的算法,为高灵敏度GPS软件接收机的实现提供了保证。仿真结果表明,此算法极大的提高了接收机的捕获性能,并且能够快速捕获到载噪比低至25dB/Hz的微弱信号。