Controlled warfare: how directed-energy weapons will enable the US Military to fight effectively in an urban environment while minimizing collateral damage

US military operations are increasingly conducted within urban environments and with these operations come the risk of increasing the number of civilian casualties and infrastructure damage. The use of non-lethal weaponry, such as directed-energy weapons, is one method for minimizing collateral damage. This method enables US military forces to effectively fight within urban environments through force escalation capabilities. Using a series of historical examples and future scenarios for urban warfare, this article highlights deficiencies affecting military capabilities in military urban operations, addresses the consequences of collateral damage, assesses the effectiveness of directed-energy weapons in military urban operations and encourages further funding, research and integration of non-lethal weaponry, such as directed-energy weapons, within the US military.     

瞄准线稳定精度的影响因素仿真

瞄准线稳定精度是直升机载稳瞄系统的关键技术指标之一,它影响着系统的其他关键性指标如照射精度、跟踪精度、作用距离等。因此提高瞄准线稳定精度是设计和研制机载稳瞄系统至关重要的一项任务。论文分析和研究了影响瞄准线稳定精度的因素,并采用Simulink建立数学模型,对瞄准线稳定精度的影响因素进行仿真分析,得到各因素对稳定精度的影响趋势,为机载稳瞄系统的设计工作提供了理论基础。     

半仿真方位高分辨后置处理方法

MVDR自适应波束形成可获得良好的目标方位估计性能,但其方位分辨力仍受限于阵列孔径.为进一步提高目标方位分辨性能,在MVDR自适应波束输出的基础上,提出了一种高分辨后置处理方法.在两目标方位不可分时,仿真构造两个目标的阵列输出空间方位谱,通过搜索两目标的方位和幅值,与真实数据的空间方位谱输出作匹配处理,从而获得目标的方位估计.实验室仿真及海试数据处理验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种基于超短基线的高精度多目标水声定位技术研究

超短基线定位系统由于基阵尺寸小、安装方便,在海洋开发中得到了广泛的应用。信号设计是多目标水声定位系统的关键。与常规的跳频序列相比,COSTAS阵列具有良好的相关特性。文中对COSTAS跳频信号进行了分析,仿真结果表明,由它构建的跳频信号有着较好的多目标信号抑制能力,并且可以找到合乎系统要求的多目标信号编码组。试验结果也证明了采用这种基于COSTAS阵列的跳频工作方式较为适合水下多目标声学定位。     

The impact of demand uncertainty on product line design under endogenous substitution

The existing product line design literature devotes little attention to the effect of demand uncertainty. Due to demand uncertainty, the supply‐demand mismatch is inevitable which leads to different degrees of lost sales depending on the configuration of product lines. In this article, we adopt a stylized two‐segment setup with uncertain market sizes and illustrate the interplay between two effects: risk pooling that mitigates the impact of demand uncertainty and market segmentation that facilitates consumer differentiation. Compared to downward substitution, inducing bidirectional substitution through product line decisions including quality levels and prices can yield greater risk pooling effects. However, we show that the additional benefit from the risk pooling effect cannot compensate for the reduced market segmentation effect. We demonstrate that the presence of demand uncertainty can reduce the benefit of market segmentation and therefore the length of product lines in terms of the difference between products. We also propose three heuristics that separate product line and production decisions; each of these heuristics corresponds to one particular form of demand substitution. Our numerical studies indicate that the best of the three heuristics yields performance that is close to optimality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 143–157, 2015     

低RCS EBG波导缝隙阵列天线

将Mushroom电磁带隙结构(Electromagnetic Band Gap,EBG)的表面波带隙和同相反射特性同时用于波导缝隙阵列天线的设计,利用EBG的带隙特性抑制天线阵中的表面波,以改善天线的辐射性能;利用EBG的同相反射特性实现天线雷达散射截面(Radar Cross Section,RCS)的减缩,天线综合性能得到较大提升。制作了EBG波导缝隙天线阵样品,并对天线阵的阵元互耦、辐射方向图及天线阵RCS等指标进行了测试,结果与理论预期相吻合,有效地降低了阵元间互耦及天线阵RCS。     

应用改进的线性预测算法构建虚拟阵的精确定向方法

为了克服传统线性预测(Linear Prediction,LP)算法在构建虚拟阵过程中存在预测误差容易累积的弊端,提出了一种能够更充分利用实阵信息量的改进LP算法来构建虚拟阵。采用实际基阵方法、传统LP虚拟阵方法和改进LP虚拟阵方法分别对假定基阵的波束性能进行计算机仿真及对湖试数据进行处理成像,研究结果表明,与传统LP方法相比,改进的LP方法能够有效地抑制波束旁瓣,进一步提高了基阵的角度分辨力和阵增益,将其运用于特定试验背景下的实际湖底目标声探测,方向分辨精度可提高75%。     

结合局部描述和拓扑约束的直线段匹配算法

针对弱纹理目标匹配问题,提出了一种基于直线局部邻域梯度信息和全局结构信息的直线匹配算法:对均值标准差直线描述符进行改进用于初始匹配;利用直线间的全局拓扑结构滤除误匹配;利用迭代拓扑滤波寻找更多的匹配,同时引入全局角度约束提高算法效率并进一步滤除错误匹配。实验表明,在光照变化、图像旋转、图像模糊、尺度变换、视点变化等条件下,该方法都具有很强的鲁棒性,并在匹配效率和准确度上优于现有的两种比较流行的方法。     

块Toeplitz矩阵低复杂度求逆的卫星导航空时抗干扰算法

采样协方差矩阵求逆是空时抗干扰算法的基本运算单元,但由于其运算量随时域抽头个数急剧增长,直接限制了空时抗干扰技术在卫星导航接收机中的应用。针对该问题,提出了基于块Toeplitz矩阵快速求逆的空时抗干扰方法。通过采用新的协方差矩阵近似计算方法,使得该矩阵同时为块Toeplitz矩阵与Hermite矩阵,并运用块Toeplitz矩阵的快速求逆算法,将时域抽头个数为K的计算复杂度从O[K3]降至O[K2]。理论分析和仿真结果表明,在阵元数为4、时域抽头为15的典型情况下,相比现有矩阵求逆方法,该算法的抗干扰性能损耗小于1d B,但计算量可降低约2/3。     

基于四阶累积量阵列扩展的稀疏分解方法

提出了一种基于四阶累积量稀疏表示的估计方法,解决信号数多于阵元数时的DOA估计问题。该方法首先构造了包含所有DOA信息的最小冗余矢量,利用扩展阵列的最小冗余导向矢量构造完备字典减小完备字典的复杂度;然后利用L1范数作为稀疏约束条件建立稀疏模型进行DOA估计。理论分析和仿真实验,验证了该方法能够估计出的信号个数大于阵元数目,可直接应用于相干信号,比MUSIC-like算法具有更好的性能。