通用装备机械部件试验系统设计

针对现有修后试验设备的不足,以柔性装卡、自动控制为设计思想,介绍了通用装备机械部件试验系统的设计过程。该试验系统采用1套柔性支架可完成多种车型、多种机械部件的试验,实现了机械部件操纵的集中控制,提高了试验系统的安全性。     

数字化部队作战能力评估指标体系构建

探讨了数字化部队作战能力评估的指导思想和原则,从现代战争系统模型分解图的指标构建思想出发,以系统科学与工程理论为指导,构建数字化部队战争系统模型分解图,将现代战争系统分解成部队与武器子系统、电子信息子系统、指挥决策子系统和综合保障子系统,并分别对各子系统的能力指标内涵进行了详细解释,用信息系统描述了各指标体系的能力构成。     

Optimal capacity in a coordinated supply chain

We consider a supply chain in which a retailer faces a stochastic demand, incurs backorder and inventory holding costs and uses a periodic review system to place orders from a manufacturer. The manufacturer must fill the entire order. The manufacturer incurs costs of overtime and undertime if the order deviates from the planned production capacity. We determine the optimal capacity for the manufacturer in case there is no coordination with the retailer as well as in case there is full coordination with the retailer. When there is no coordination the optimal capacity for the manufacturer is found by solving a newsvendor problem. When there is coordination, we present a dynamic programming formulation and establish that the optimal ordering policy for the retailer is characterized by two parameters. The optimal coordinated capacity for the manufacturer can then be obtained by solving a nonlinear programming problem. We present an efficient exact algorithm and a heuristic algorithm for computing the manufacturer's capacity. We discuss the impact of coordination on the supply chain cost as well as on the manufacturer's capacity. We also identify the situations in which coordination is most beneficial. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Risk‐sensitive sizing of responsive facilities

We develop a risk‐sensitive strategic facility sizing model that makes use of readily obtainable data and addresses both capacity and responsiveness considerations. We focus on facilities whose original size cannot be adjusted over time and limits the total production equipment they can hold, which is added sequentially during a finite planning horizon. The model is parsimonious by design for compatibility with the nature of available data during early planning stages. We model demand via a univariate random variable with arbitrary forecast profiles for equipment expansion, and assume the supporting equipment additions are continuous and decided ex‐post. Under constant absolute risk aversion, operating profits are the closed‐form solution to a nontrivial linear program, thus characterizing the sizing decision via a single first‐order condition. This solution has several desired features, including the optimal facility size being eventually decreasing in forecast uncertainty and decreasing in risk aversion, as well as being generally robust to demand forecast uncertainty and cost errors. We provide structural results and show that ignoring risk considerations can lead to poor facility sizing decisions that deteriorate with increased forecast uncertainty. Existing models ignore risk considerations and assume the facility size can be adjusted over time, effectively shortening the planning horizon. Our main contribution is in addressing the problem that arises when that assumption is relaxed and, as a result, risk sensitivity and the challenges introduced by longer planning horizons and higher uncertainty must be considered. Finally, we derive accurate spreadsheet‐implementable approximations to the optimal solution, which make this model a practical capacity planning tool.© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

小子样条件下航天轴承性能可靠性建模与评估

航天油润滑轴承可靠性具有小子样、无失效数据特点,即使采用性能可靠性方法进行建模与分析,仍存在性能数据不足问题。提出小子样条件下航天轴承性能可靠性分析的多层贝叶斯模型及模型求解方法。通过失效分析,建立轴承性能退化过程模型。利用自助法、试验数据、物理模型和专家经验等确定Bayes验前分布,并采用MCMC方法解决Bayes计算问题。实例分析表明,该方法具有较好的适用性,是解决小子样条件下长寿命产品可靠性建模与评估问题的一种有效途径。     

Strategic capacity decision‐making in a stochastic manufacturing environment using real‐time approximate dynamic programming

In this study, we illustrate a real‐time approximate dynamic programming (RTADP) method for solving multistage capacity decision problems in a stochastic manufacturing environment, by using an exemplary three‐stage manufacturing system with recycle. The system is a moderate size queuing network, which experiences stochastic variations in demand and product yield. The dynamic capacity decision problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). The proposed RTADP method starts with a set of heuristics and learns a superior quality solution by interacting with the stochastic system via simulation. The curse‐of‐dimensionality associated with DP methods is alleviated by the adoption of several notions including “evolving set of relevant states,” for which the value function table is built and updated, “adaptive action set” for keeping track of attractive action candidates, and “nonparametric k nearest neighbor averager” for value function approximation. The performance of the learned solution is evaluated against (1) an “ideal” solution derived using a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation, which assumes full knowledge of future realized values of the stochastic variables (2) a myopic heuristic solution, and (3) a sample path based rolling horizon MIP solution. The policy learned through the RTADP method turned out to be superior to polices of 2 and 3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2010     

返回舱垂直着陆过程动力学研究

在考虑着陆场地面弹塑性特点的情况下,建立了返回舱垂直着陆过程的弹塑性接触模型。数值分析结果表明,返回舱的着陆过程与地面土壤的物理性质有很大关系,在相同的弹性模量下,土壤的极限应力越大,则着陆过载最大值就越大,着陆过程中的能量损失就越小,返回舱的"跳跃"现象越明显。     

A general strategic capacity planning model under demand uncertainty

Capacity planning decisions affect a significant portion of future revenue. In equipment intensive industries, these decisions usually need to be made in the presence of both highly volatile demand and long capacity installation lead times. For a multiple product case, we present a continuous‐time capacity planning model that addresses problems of realistic size and complexity found in current practice. Each product requires specific operations that can be performed by one or more tool groups. We consider a number of capacity allocation policies. We allow tool retirements in addition to purchases because the stochastic demand forecast for each product can be decreasing. We present a cluster‐based heuristic algorithm that can incorporate both variance reduction techniques from the simulation literature and the principles of a generalized maximum flow algorithm from the network optimization literature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

细长压杆临界载荷的图乘法近似求解

从细长压杆的挠曲线方程出发,采用图乘法,近似计算了两种不同支承细长压杆的临界载荷,并将其结果与欧拉法的精确解作了比较。     

海区变化对新型舰船海水淡化装置性能的影响

针对舰船远航时某新型海水淡化装置性能随海水盐度等因素变化而改变的问题,分析了该型海水淡化装置主要影响因素,并对其造水量进行了热力校核计算.实例计算结果表明,某航行海区较设计海区排污系数相对增大近25倍,造水量由原来的2 042 kg/h下降到1 847 kg/h,下降了9.55%.