面向多平台多目标协同跟踪的指派问题

针对多平台多目标协同跟踪中要求多个无人地面平台尽可能均匀地协同跟踪多个目标的特点,提出了改进的离散粒子群优化算法。首先采用连续型粒子群优化算法中的速度和位置迭代公式,然后对粒子位置进行离散编码,使粒子编码对应于可行的指派方案;其次,在优化算法中引入局部搜索,提高算法寻优性能。最后将所提算法应用于多平台多目标协同跟踪中的指派问题,并与未加入局部搜索的粒子群优化算法比较,仿真结果表明,加入局部搜索后的离散粒子群优化算法具有较好的寻优性能。     

Why internal conflict deteriorates state capacity? Evidence from Colombian municipalities

Previous work has documented a negative correlation between internal conflict and state capacity. We attempt to shed light on mechanisms that underlie this relationship, using data for Colombian municipalities. We rely on identifying heterogeneous effects of different types of violent events on state capacity, taking advantage of variability across municipalities in the prevalence of specific manifestations of conflict and their intensity. Our findings suggest that events making civilians feel targeted affect the state’s capacity to collect taxes, while those reflecting a stronger military capacity of illegal armies, in particular their large-scale attacks, affect the state’s capacity to provide public goods.     

基于参数辨识的电动舵机系统健康仿真和评估

针对目前电动舵机系统故障诊断方法不能有效预测缓变故障,提出基于舵机系统模型的状态变量检测法对飞行器常用的执行机构电动舵机系统进行健康分析与仿真评估。分析电动舵机系统子系统电机本体、控制器、传动机构的常见故障,对其中反映系统性能的关键参数进行数学建模;通过对系统注入不同的健康参数得到相关故障状态下的状态变量特征,进而作为定位故障源的知识库,引入健康因子评估故障参数的变化趋势;仿真算例选择电机本体的主要物理参数电机绕组阻值和反映永磁体性能的电机力矩常数作为健康因子,通过定位知识库建立的健康因子评估算法验证了方法的可行性。     

虚拟检测维修系统的设计与实现

结合实际装备维修工作的需求,开发了一套基于虚拟现实技术的具有一定通用性的虚拟维修训练系统。系统由界面层、应用层、对象层和技术支持层组成,运用OSG渲染创建逼真的场景,基于均匀网格和OBB树的混合碰撞检测算法解决碰撞问题,通过协同网络通信实现多人协作维修/检测操作。通过对某型装备手控台的虚拟维修训练系统的构建,证明系统能够快速开发相应的虚拟训练系统。训练过程中操作与场景变化实时同步,结果表明该系统能够有效提高操作人员的维修维护能力。     

基于误差校准的多雷达粒子滤波检测跟踪算法

基于粒子滤波的检测前跟踪方法是一种处理弱目标检测与跟踪的有效方法。使用多部雷达对同一目标进行观测,可以提高目标的检测概率和跟踪精度。但雷达系统误差不同,得到的目标量测信息不能直接进行融合。针对多个具有不同系统误差的雷达联合检测跟踪问题,通过将不同雷达的量测信息向前追溯,对误差进行校准,从而消除不同雷达对于同一粒子的量测误差,然后将粒子权重进行融合。仿真结果表明,在雷达具有不同系统误差的情况下,采用本算法可以有效提高目标的跟踪精度。     

On optimal aiming to hit a linear target

Typically weapon systems have an inherent systematic error and a random error for each round, centered around its mean point of impact. The systematic error is common to all aimings. Assume such a system for which there is a preassigned amount of ammunition of n rounds to engage a given target simultaneously, and which is capable of administering their fire with individual aiming points (allowing “offsets”). The objective is to determine the best aiming points for the system so as to maximize the probability of hitting the target by at least one of the n rounds. In this paper we focus on the special case where the target is linear (one‐dimensional) and there are no random errors. We prove that as long as the aiming error is symmetrically distributed and possesses one mode at zero, the optimal aiming is independent of the particular error distribution, and we specify the optimal aiming points. Possible extensions are further discussed, as well as civilian applications in manufacturing, radio‐electronics, and detection. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 323–333, 1999     

考虑弹体动态特性的非奇异有限时间制导律

为满足导弹拦截机动目标时交会角约束和有限时间收敛的需求,建立了考虑弹体一阶动态特性的制导模型。把目标加速度视为有界外界干扰,同时结合非线性反步设计法中的动态面法,设计一种考虑弹体动态延迟的非奇异滑模制导律,并且证明了基于Lyapunov稳定性理论制导系统状态可渐进收敛到零。在所设计的制导律下,对单侧机动的低空高速目标进行仿真。仿真结果表明所设计的非奇异制导律可以有效降低弹体动态延迟带来的影响,而且具有较低的脱靶量与交会角误差;与考虑弹体动态特性和交会角约束的最优导引律相比,其具有更高的制导精度。     

肋骨、舱壁布置形式对圆柱壳水下声振特性的影响

采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元方法对不同肋骨、舱壁布置形式的圆柱壳的流固耦合响应进行了计算。通过波数谱方法,结合柱壳规则波的声辐射效率,对不同波数成分结构波的振动与声辐射进行了量化。运用等间距与不等间距结构振动理论揭示了肋骨、舱壁布置形式对圆柱壳水下振动与声辐射特性产生影响的机理。研究发现:结构不等间距布置的圆柱壳水下振动特性整体上较优,但受壳体周向振动模式影响较大;结构不等间距布置的圆柱壳声辐射特性并不一定优于结构等间距布置的圆柱壳声辐射特性。     

Reclaiming the local in EU peacebuilding: Effectiveness,ownership, and resistance

ABSTRACT

Since the early 2000s, the “local turn” has thoroughly transformed the field of peacebuilding. The European Union (EU) policy discourse on peacebuilding has also aligned with this trend, with an increasing number of EU policy statements insisting on the importance of “the local.” However, most studies on EU peacebuilding still adopt a top-down approach and focus on institutions, capabilities, and decision-making at the EU level. This special issue contributes to the literature by focusing on bottom-up and local dynamics of EU peacebuilding. After outlining the rationale and the scope of the special issue, this article discusses the local turn in international peacebuilding and identifies several interrelated concepts relevant to theorizing the role of the local, specifically those of effectiveness, ownership, and resistance. In the conclusion, we summarize the key contributions of this special issue and suggest some avenues for further research.     

基于One-port模式的测试点选取问题

在故障诊断过程中 ,每个测试点检测故障所需的时间可能不同。对于每个测试点一次检测所有可检测故障点的问题已经获得解决。对于每个测试点一次只能检测一个故障点 ,分两种情况加以讨论。若要求检测时间之和最小 ,给出了最优算法 ;若要求最大检测时间最小 ,证明了其是NP完全问题 ,并给出近似算法。最后给出一个实例对算法加以说明