Optimal switchover times between two activities utilizing the same resource

The “gold‐mining” decision problem is concerned with the efficient utilization of a delicate mining equipment working in a number of different mines. Richard Bellman was the first to consider this type of a problem. The solution found by Bellman for the finite‐horizon, continuous‐time version of the problem with two mines is not overly realistic since he assumed that fractional parts of the same mining equipment could be used in different mines and this fraction could change instantaneously. In this paper, we provide some extensions to this model in order to produce more operational and realistic solutions. Our first model is concerned with developing an operational policy where the equipment may be switched from one mine to the other at most once during a finite horizon. In the next extension we incorporate a cost component in the objective function and assume that the horizon length is not fixed but it is the second decision variable. Structural properties of the optimal solutions are obtained using nonlinear programming. Each model and its solution is illustrated with a numerical example. The models developed here may have potential applications in other areas including production of items requiring the same machine or choosing a sequence of activities requiring the same resource. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 186–203, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.10008     

海洋环境中基于WVD的LFM信号检测方法

海洋环境中弱信号的谱与海杂波的谱相混叠 ,目标和背景的位置差异很小 ,经典的频域或空域处理对海杂波中弱信号的检测难以奏效。鉴于Wigner-Ville分布 (WVD)对线性调频信号 (LFM )具有时频聚集性这一特点 ,提出了一种海洋环境中基于WVD的LFM信号检测方法。利用雷达采集的真实海杂波数据 ,在不同信杂比的条件下 ,研究了该方法与经典频域法在信号检测中的差别。通过实验分析 ,与经典方法相比 ,该方法具有明显的优越性 ,且信杂比达到 -14 . 3dB时 ,其仍能很好地对信号进行检测。     

链约束下加工时间恶化的Flow Shop排序问题

讨论作业具有线性加工时间,作业间具有链约束的两台处理机流水作业排序问题,目标函数为极小化完工时间。在作业加工时间简单线性恶化下,提出作业的非负开始和停止延迟恶化率,构造了满足约束条件的复合作业。在此基础上,给出作业间具有平行链约束的两台处理机流水作业排序问题的最优多项式算法。     

武器系统模糊寿命周期费用模型

武器系统的寿命周期费用建模较多采用参数法,而参数法中最常用的是最小二乘回归.考虑费用统计数据的模糊性,提出用模糊最小二乘回归来建立武器系统模糊寿命周期费用模型,并结合实例对武器系统寿命周期费用进行了分析.结果表明,这种方法能达到令人满意的拟合精度,具有实用价值.     

结合全局与局部信息的主动轮廓分割模型

针对传统的基于区域的主动轮廓模型在分割灰度不均匀图像和噪声图像存在效果不佳的问题,提出结合全局项与局部项的主动轮廓分割模型。全局项由CV(Chan-Vese)模型的保真项构成,局部项的构建考虑局部区域信息的同时引入反映图像灰度特性的局部熵信息。依据图像灰度的特点,选择合理的全局项和局部项参数,并加入正则项保证曲线在演化过程中保持平滑,保障分割结果的可靠性。通过变分水平集方法最小化能量泛函,依据梯度下降流迭代更新水平集,完成曲线演化。采用模拟图像和实际图像进行实验分析,结果表明,所提出的结合全局项和局部项的主动轮廓模型可以高效地分割噪声严重以及灰度分布不均匀的图像。     

The interaction between local and international power in EU police reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina

ABSTRACT

This article explores the interaction between local and international power structures in EU peacebuilding. While citizens in a state only face order from one authority (the state), local actors in a peacebuilding context are subject to orders from two institutions (the domestic state and the peacebuilding mission). This article explores the nature of interactions of these two institutions and their effect on local police officers’ compliance and resistance. Specifically, it analyzes the example of the police restructuring process in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It demonstrates that the choices of local officers to comply or resist depended on whether the interactions between the EU Police Mission and the local police organization were positive and mutually supportive, or whether they were competitive and contradictory. The findings of the article contribute to the debates on the role of local power and the importance of local legitimacy in peacebuilding.     

VORONOI图的无人机航路快速初始规划

在分析VORONOI图的性质与威胁代价函数的基础上,针对航路的初始规划提出了一种先局部优化后进行全局优化的算法,从而避免在航路全局优化时陷入局部极小点的危险.通过对一个简单算例的分析,阐述了这种规划方法的合理性和快速性,给出了其对应的伪代码.它可对其他各种航路规划算法的边界条件进行初始预处理,快速确定初始可选航路集的解,缩短航路规划的时间;针对某阵地航路规划的仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性,初始的航路集有效地避开了威胁配置较密集的地方,同时尽量以较短的航路接近目标.     

固定式超近程防护系统优化设计及统计分析

为了提高固定式超近程防护系统的拦截效率,进一步优化攻击单元的分布参数,将分布方案的分布参数5个射角和35个射向作为自变量,以拦截概率作为因变量,将已有的32种方案的分布方案及统计模拟所得的拦截概率作为样本值,运用SPSS软件进行多元线性回归分析,通过不断筛去显著性比较差的变量,最终得到比较满意、显著性比较强的多元线性回归方程,该方程的建立为进一步优化分布方案的参数提供了理论依据,也为建立进一步优化模型提供了理论基础.     

谈我国地方行政机关的军事行政立法权

在我国,对于地方行政机关是否享有“军事行政立法权”,相关法律中没有作出直接的明确规定,因此学术界还存在着不同的观点。应当承认我国地方行政机关享有国防军事职权,可以制定有关国防军事事项的地方性行政规章。但是,承认地方行政机关享有军事行政立法权与允许其通过立法直接对当地驻军和现役军人作出规范性要求是两个不同的问题。承认前者并不意味着就肯定了后者。要避免地方行政机关的军事立法对军队的集中统一领导带来负面影响,就应当对其加以适当的限制。     

均匀设计在柴油无灰节能降污添加剂配方研制中的应用

基于低压氧弹燃烧法研究了充氧压力分别为0．6MPa和0．9MPa时两种无灰型柴油添加剂不同配比对助燃性能的影响。采用均匀实验设计和Matlab回归优化的方法,得到复配体系的最优配方,并对其进行了验证。结果表明,由Matlab回归分析得到的完全二次回归模型最理想,0．6MPa时由该模型得到的最优配方为：添加剂A和B的质量分数分别是0．300‰和0．700‰,并通过实验验证得到的发热量达到最大,变化率为8．697％。0．9MPa时,结合直观分析和回归分析,得到与实际相符的最优配方：添加剂A和B的质量分数分别是0．600‰和0．900‰,此时发热量皮化率为4．453％。