二维超声速空气引射器启动特性试验研究

（静）超声速引射器是高空模拟试车台的重要组件,在发动机启动前利用引射器对试验舱预抽真空可避免发动机启动初始时刻燃气漏入试验舱造成燃气在发动机中分离,对获取发动机在高空环境下的完整推力特性具有重要意义。而该工况下超声速引射器的启动过程是引射器工作过程中最为恶劣的工况,设计不合理的引射器会导致启动压力过高甚至不能实现启动。建立了缩比超声速空气引射器试验台对超声速引射器的启动特性进行研究,采用压力测量方法结合纹影技术对超声速引射器处于极限启动压比时的流场进行了描述,研究结果表明混合室收缩比越小,引射器极限启动压比越低。同时给出了定位超声速引射器不启动原因的判据：当引射器不启动是由引射总压不足引起时,盲腔压力在引射总压提高时降低,并在临界启动状态下达到最小值;而由混合室收缩比过小导致的引射器不启动在引射总压提高时盲腔压力单调上升。     

统编版初中语文名著导读的教学现状及策略探究

名著导读是语文教材中的一个重要板块,是中学师生不得不面对的教学环节,在名著导读教学实践中,教师如何引导、学生怎样阅读的问题一直备受研究者关注,关于名著导读教学的研究著作颇丰。笔者通过问卷调查法,对S市某中学的名著导读教学现状进行分析,进一步探讨名著导读教学中存在的问题,并在此基础上对名著导读教学提出相应的策略。进而使教师导之有效,学生读而有得,使名著导读教学不仅引起师生的重视,更能在教学中得到落实。     

透析课外辅导班乱象:让中小学生回归正常的学校教育

一段时间以来,部分课外教育培训机构打着素质教育的“幌子”变相以应试教育为能事,误导一些家长迷信课外辅导班而忽视正常的学校教育,并有着愈演愈烈的迹象。很多中小学生的课余时间被各类课外辅导班占用,而其中多数并非他们感兴趣和正常学习所需的。额外的课外辅导使中小学生不堪重负,不仅影响了他们的身心健康,还冲击了正常的学校教育教学秩序。因此,重新审视当前正常的学校教育和课外辅导班之关系,已成为人们不得不正视的现实问题。应坚持学校教育的主导地位,让成体系、循序渐进的学校教育在青少年健康成长成才中发挥不可替代的作用。     

弘扬伟大建党精神奋进世界一流征程

以“坚持真理、坚守理想,践行初心、担当使命,不怕牺牲、英勇斗争,对党忠诚、不负人民”为内涵的伟大建党精神,是中国共产党的精神之源。这一精神内涵丰富、意境深远,具有鲜明的理论特征和时代价值,不仅指导了过去一百年中国共产党人带领全中国人民推进革命、建设、改革的伟大实践,更是对中华民族实现第二个百年奋斗目标具有深远的指导意义。只有深刻认识和把握伟大建党精神的科学内涵,才能战胜前进道路上的一切艰难险阻,继续谦虚谨慎、戒骄戒躁,继续艰苦奋斗、锐意进取,锲而不舍把建设世界一流军队的伟大事业推向新征程。     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

Mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of blast shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space

The mitigation of blast shock with water has broad application prospects. Understanding the mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of the explosion shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space is of great significance for military explosives safety applications. To estimate the effects of the parameters on the reflected overpressure of blasted shock wave, a series of experiments were carried out in confined containers with spherical explosives immersed in a certain thickness of water, and numerical simulations were conducted to explore the corresponding mechanisms. The results reveal that the reflected overpressure is abnormally aggravated at a small scaled distance. This aggravation is due to the high impulse of the bulk accelerated water shell converted from the explosion. With increasing scaled distance, the energy will be gradually dissipated. The mitigation effects will appear with the dispersed water phase front impacting at a larger scaled distance, except in the case of a dense water phase state. A critical scaled distance range of 0.7—0.8 m/kg1/3 for effective mitigation was found. It is suggested that the scaled distance of space walls should be larger than the critical value for a certain water-to-explosive weight ratio range (5—20).     

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.     

二维抛板极限速度的相似性与古尼公式的采用

本文分析影响被炸药驱动下抛板极限速度的重要因素,讨论了一些经验公式的适用范围;提出了根据二维抛板的数值计算得到的两个重要规律:①在炸药与抛板的质量比相同的情况下,抛板的极限速度之间具有一定的相似关系;②修正的古尼公式可用来计算二维抛板的极限速度。     

武装直升机微光电视瞄准原理分析

主要就某型武装直升机加装微光电视瞄准系统后,在分析了该系统的关键硬件组成、软件设计、微光电视图像信号的增强技术、控制器设计和信号交联的基础上,研究了夜视设备与机载武器的兼容性问题。即:如何与机载瞄准具进行匹配实现对目标的跟踪瞄准。     

低可观测条件下的一种信号检测方法

针对在低信噪比条件下,检测机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)信号比较困难的情况,综合谱图-Hough变换法可以进行能量积累和小波变换具有比较有效抑制杂波的特点,提出了一种检测SAR信号的方法,即基于谱图-Hough变换和小波变换的检测方法。运用该方法首先对SAR信号进行谱图-Hough变换,谱图-Hough变换能对SAR信号进行能量积累,降低虚警概率,然后使用小波变换排除Hough空间中的虚假峰值。仿真结果表明了该算法能够有效地抑制杂波,达到检测的目的。