EU security sector reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Reform or resist?

ABSTRACT

Attempts to explain the failure to reform the security sectors in post-conflict countries have often resorted to two sets of explanatory factors: international and local factors. This article seeks to move from that unhelpful dichotomy to an explanation linking both factors. Drawing on a Foucauldian approach and the concept of “counter-conduct,” it examines the rationality and practices of European Union (EU) governmentality and how governing technologies are resisted and reversed by local elites involved in security sector reform (SSR). Instead of understanding power and resistance as binary opposites, this article argues that counter-conduct can be conceived as implicated in the very relations of power that it seeks to resist. To tease out these relations, the article analyzes the EU's efforts in SSR in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where it identifies four forms of counter-conduct: upholding European standards, using the local ownership trap, simulating reforms, and lowering the bar.     

水雷主动声引信低截获特性分析

从声纳方程和信号检测两方面分析了主动声引信实现低截获的可行性和技术途径.数据仿真表明,接收机检测阈在6 dB以下,有数量级为104以上的信号长度,发射波形为随机形式时,水雷主动引信实现低截获特性是可行的.     

基于Holtrop公式与遗传算法的船型参数优化

针对方尾水面舰船,采用Holtrop阻力计算公式,以总阻力为目标函数,据遗传算法,对主要的船型参数进行了优化计算,进而得出了在一系列速度下主要船型参数的最优解及相应的由Holtrop公式计算得到的总阻力,并绘制了在各最优解下由Holtrop公式计算的总阻力随速度的变化曲线,结合Holtrop公式相应图谱对所得优化计算结果进行了分析.结果表明,该方法对于水面舰船的主尺度比等船型参数优选具有较强的实用性.     

基于MDA的HLA系统开发流程与框架设计

HLA作为IEEE认定的分布式仿真标准,随着在军事、民用等仿真领域的广泛运用,其自身的模型重用性、互操作性等不强的弱点逐渐暴露出来,越来越不能满足大型复杂仿真系统的需要。将MDA方法引入HLA仿真系统设计中,尝试用MDA的模型思想对HLA系统进行开发,提升HLA的模型重用性和互操作性。对MDA在HLA系统中各种模型的设计和表述方式进行了分析研究,提出了一个基于MDA开发HLA仿真系统的开发流程,建立了一个基本开发框架,从软件开发的角度提高了系统的开发效率。     

防空兵群射击指挥方式及其优化问题

从防空兵作战指挥的实际需求出发,利用概率论和防空作战运筹理论,描述了集中、分散、混合和平行等射击指挥方式的概念、特点及其相互关系,论述了射击指挥方式定量分析的基本方法、主要依据和指标,建立了基于群抗击效率的评估模型,在对多种射击指挥方式进行定量比较的基础上,揭示了射击指挥中具有普遍意义的、潜在的实用规则.     

掠海机动目标跟踪的IPDA算法

综合概率数据关联(IPDA)算法不仅能进行目标状态估计,还能提供对潜在目标的存在性/可感知性/可观测性概率的估计.这些估计通常作为评价航迹质量的参数,用于航迹确认和航迹终止.所研究的几种跟踪算法主要针对低空掠海飞行的机动目标,目标探测概率受海面信号反射导致的多路径效应和海杂波的影响而变化,将IPDA算法和EB-PDA、IMMPDA算法进行了比较研究,并提出了一种新的IPDA算法-VM-IPDA算法.仿真结果显示,VM-IPDA算法跟其他几种算法相比不仅提高准确性还能减少计算量.     

Ku波段低噪声放大器的设计

运用ADS仿真设计工具,应用Fujitsu公司的FHX04X管芯,分析设计了一个Ku波段的二级平衡式低噪声放大器,在14 GHz～16 GHz的频率范围内获得了低于2 dB的噪声系数,大于16 dB的增益,同时满足输入输出驻波比小于2,输出1 dB压缩功率点大于8 dBm.并和单端电路形式的设计结果进行了比较.     

Analysis of sliding electric contact characteristics in augmented railgun based on the combination of contact resistance and sliding friction coefficient

The contact resistance between the armature and rails is an important indicator of the contact characteristics in electromagnetic launches. As the contact resistance depends not only on the contact state but also on the contact stress and temperature, there are some limitations in analyzing the contact characteristics using only the contact resistance. In this paper, the contact characteristics of the augmented railgun are analyzed by the combination of contact resistance and sliding friction coefficient. Firstly, the theoretical calculation model of the contact resistance and friction coefficient of the augmented electromagnetic railgun is established. Then the contact resistance and friction coefficient are calculated by the measured values of the muzzle voltage, rail current and armature displacement. Finally, the contact characteristics are analyzed according to the features of the waveforms of the contact resistance and the friction coefficient, and the analysis conclusions are verified by experimental rail images. The results showed that: the aluminum melt film gradually formed on the contact surface reduces the contact resistance and the friction coefficient; the wear and erosion of the armature cause deterioration of the contact state; after the transition, the reliability of the sliding contact between the armature and rails decreases, resulting in an increase in contact resistance.     

激光制备多层结构的软质基底耐磨类金刚石膜

为提高金属铜软基底的耐磨、抗蚀能力,采用脉冲激光沉积技术制备了金属铜基底上的多层结构类金刚石保护膜;其中的碳化硅-类金刚石循环层避免了类金刚石膜层中内应力的累积,降低了功能类金刚石层破裂的风险,碳化硅持力层降低了软质铜基底与高硬度类金刚石层的硬度差,金属钛层则使得铜基底与上层碳化硅层牢固结合。实验测试表明,多层结构类金刚石保护膜在铜基底上附着牢固,可通过美军标MIL-48497A规定的重摩擦和国军标GJB150.5A-2009规定的高低温冲击试验,同时能够承受弱碱溶液的腐蚀;摩擦系数低、处于0.093以下,耐磨性能好、2 h摩擦未见磨痕。针对不同金属基底特性改进工艺,该技术可应用于存在腐蚀性环境中机械工具的抗磨保护膜。     

采用区分性幅相联合字典学习的低截获概率信号分离方法

为解决采用字典学习的信号分离方法存在的相位信息缺失和子字典交叉表示问题,提出一种区分性幅相联合字典学习方法。该方法针对相位信息缺失问题,构建了幅相联合字典模型;针对混合信号在联合字典上投影时存在的交叉表示问题,基于区分性字典学习思想提出在字典学习过程目标函数中加入交叉表示抑制项。仿真结果表明：幅相联合字典能够充分表示典型低截获概率信号的幅相信息,交叉表示抑制项能有效抑制信号间的交叉表示,算法具有良好的分离性能。