低温跨声速风洞设计中的真实气体效应研究

风洞以低温气体为介质运行时,气体会表现出热力和热值的不完全,风洞回路气体流动参数计算需要考虑低温真实气体效应。计算给出了氮气介质在温度100～323 K、压力100～450 kPa范围压缩性因子和比热比的变化规律,并通过将等熵膨胀系数引入一维完全气体流动方程,发展了低温跨声速风洞气流流动参数计算分析模型,获得了跨声速风洞高速运行时气流液化温度和压力的组合边界包络线。对比分析结果表明：在低温跨声速风洞的运行压力(115～450 kPa)和温度(110～323 K)范围内,基于等熵膨胀系数计算得到的气体流动状态参数的理论计算值与气体真实物理解的偏差小于1%,完全可满足低温跨声速风洞工程设计需求。     

战时装备维修保障力量抢修行动模型构建与求解

针对战时装备维修保障任务重、修理时间有限以及维修保障力量类型与待修装备损伤需求不匹配,难以实现战场精确保障的问题,进行了战时装备维修保障力量多目标行动控制研究。考虑修理时间窗、装备损伤状态、维修保障力量类型与维修保障能力变化以及非遍历性等复杂约束,构建了以装备重要度总和、修竣装备总和以及超出修理时间窗时间总和为目标的维修保障力量多目标抢修行动控制模型。对带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法进行改进,结合变邻域搜索算法加强算法的局部搜索能力,设计了改进变邻域搜索和非支配排序遗传算法的混合算法实现模型求解,并通过示例验证了模型及算法的合理性和有效性。     

现役装备以可靠性为中心的维修分析

以“以可靠性为中心的维修分析”(RCMA)在典型装备的应用实践为例,论述了现役装备进行RCMA的必要性和可能产生的效益及RCMA的过程,提出了现役装备RCMA的特点和正确分析的措施。     

某型机械装备修复性维修时间的分布拟和

对某型机械装备基层级修复性维修时间进行了统计分析,确定了维修时间的分布形式、分布参数及各种维修时间参数值。     

战损装备维修保障仿真及能力评估

阐述了利用仿真方法进行维修能力评估的重要性和必要性,分析了战场装备维修保障活动的主要内容,建立了基于计算机的装备维修保障过程仿真模型,提出了评估装备维修保障能力的几个指标,同时还给出了某次战斗装备损坏与维修保障能力评估的示例。     

Optimizing usage and maintenance decisions for k‐out‐of‐n systems of moving assets

We consider an integrated usage and maintenance optimization problem for a k‐out‐of‐n system pertaining to a moving asset. The k‐out‐of‐n systems are commonly utilized in practice to increase availability, where n denotes the total number of parallel and identical units and k the number of units required to be active for a functional system. Moving assets such as aircraft, ships, and submarines are subject to different operating modes. Operating modes can dictate not only the number of system units that are needed to be active, but also where the moving asset physically is, and under which environmental conditions it operates. We use the intrinsic age concept to model the degradation process. The intrinsic age is analogous to an intrinsic clock which ticks on a different pace in different operating modes. In our problem setting, the number of active units, degradation rates of active and standby units, maintenance costs, and type of economic dependencies are functions of operating modes. In each operating mode, the decision maker should decide on the set of units to activate (usage decision) and the set of units to maintain (maintenance decision). Since the degradation rate differs for active and standby units, the units to be maintained depend on the units that have been activated, and vice versa. In order to minimize maintenance costs, usage and maintenance decisions should be jointly optimized. We formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and provide some structural properties of the optimal policy. Moreover, we assess the performance of usage policies that are commonly implemented for maritime systems. We show that the cost increase resulting from these policies is up to 27% for realistic settings. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the cases in which joint usage and maintenance optimization is more valuable. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 418–434, 2017     

基于Pareto排序法的战时装备维修任务多目标调度方法

针对战时武器装备维修保障问题,建立了包括最大完工时间、延迟时间和维修单元负荷在内的多目标优化调度模型。为提高解的多样性和收敛性,构建了一种基于Pareto排序法和小生境技术相结合的遗传算法用于模型求解,引入Pareto排序和拥挤距离进行适应度计算,通过混沌系统随机生成权重系数,并使用小生境技术改进选择方式。通过实例验证表明,该方法能够有效地解决装备维修多目标调度问题。     

双经纬仪异面交会目标点的空间位置估计

针对双经纬仪异面交会中目标点并不一定正好在公垂线上的问题,提出了在公垂线附近的空间区域上估计目标点位置的方法。该空间区域为以公垂线为对角线,各边分别平行于双经纬仪测量坐标系三轴的长方体空间区域。在目标点位置估计时考虑到经纬仪高低角与水平角测角精度的不同,以及目标点与经纬仪之间距离对空间点坐标精度的影响。采用蒙特卡洛方法模拟结果表明:新方法的目标点空间位置估计精度不亚于传统公垂线法,在特定情况下甚至能提高5%以上。模拟结果验证了新方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于虚拟样机的导弹维修训练仿真系统

以虚拟样机技术为基础 ,提出了装备虚拟维修训练系统建设总体方案 ,主要用于解决目前武器装备维修训练采用实物、实兵、实地训练 ,日常训练成本高、危险性大、训练效率与训练效果有待提高的问题。采用虚拟样机技术开发的装备维修仿真训练系统是解决目前武器装备维修训练突出问题的有效途径。该系统的实现 ,对于解决目前存在的复杂装备维修训练问题有重要意义     

Block replacement policies for a two‐component system with failure dependence

Block replacement and modified block replacement policies for two‐component systems with failure dependence and economic dependence are considered in this paper. Opportunistic maintenance policies are also considered. Where tractable, long‐run costs per unit time are calculated using renewal theory based arguments; otherwise simulation studies are carried out. The management implications for the adoption of the various policies are discussed. The usefulness of the results in the paper is illustrated through application to a particular two‐component system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003