‘Innovate or die’: Organizational culture and the origins of maneuver warfare in the United States Marine Corps

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, this article contributes to the understanding of the origins of maneuver warfare as the capstone doctrine of the Marine Corps. It does so by identifying a second source that fostered change in the Marine Corps – one in addition to disquiet about the conduct of the war in Vietnam – which stemmed from the challenges posed by the United States' post-Vietnam strategic and military reorientation. And second, this article examines the influence of organizational culture, or identity, on innovation in the Marine Corps. A critical strand in the growing literature on military innovation focuses on organizational culture and how it influences the behavior and responses of particular military organizations. This article contributes to this literature by analyzing the influence of the organizational culture of the Marine Corps in shaping what was deemed an appropriate response to the challenges it confronted in the 1970s.     

基于对抗演练的坦克单车成绩评定方法

为合理评定坦克分队对抗演练过程中各单车的操作技能,基于各单车在对抗过程中的相关数据特征,运用模糊聚类算法对单车对抗水平进行聚类分析,得出了各单车的等级评定成绩。提出了一种改进的ReliefF算法,将其差异明显、差距较大的属性特征分离,为坦克单车以及分队找出差距、制定日后训练重点提供了重要依据,并通过一实例阐明了此方法的实现步骤,验证了此方法的科学合理性。     

锚杆支护岩质边坡地震动力响应分析

目前的锚杆支护边坡地震动力设计主要采用拟静力的方法,无法考虑锚杆和边坡在地震作用下的相互作用,汶川地震边坡破坏现象调研表明,锚杆具有良好的抗震效果,所以有必要对锚杆抗震效果进行研究。利用动力有限差分软件FLAC^3D,通过分析一个岩质边坡算例坡面上监测点动力响应加速度峰值放大系数在锚杆支护前后变化,研究了锚杆在各种不同地震波作用下的抗震效果。结果表明：在不同地震波作用下,锚杆都能显著降低坡面加速度峰值放大系数,提高边坡的动力稳定性,具有良好的抗震效果。最后结合强度折减动力分析法对锚杆在地震作用下的破坏机理进行了研究,为锚杆支护边坡的抗震设计奠定基础。     

反舰导弹末端机动方式的作战使用方法

为了研究反舰导弹各种末端机动弹道(蛇行机动、螺旋机动、摆式机动等)的控制和使用方法,首先对反舰导弹末端机动控制参数之间的关系进行深入分析,然后依据反舰导弹与水面舰艇之间的攻防对抗机理和反舰导弹作战使用限制条件,得出反舰导弹在各种约束条件下的末端机动弹道控制参数解算模型,最后以舰空弹脱靶量最大为反舰弹最优机动准则,解算反舰弹各种机动方式下的最优机动策略。     

基于威布尔比例故障率模型的装备检测间隔期多属性模糊决策方法

在对威布尔比例故障率模型进行研究的基础上,以可接受的故障风险为约束,计算了装备的检测间隔期。由于装备使用受到故障风险、检测费用、可用度及停机时间等多属性影响,运用基于加权投影折中法建立了模糊多属性状态检测周期决策模型,实现了多因素条件下状态检测间隔期的综合优化决策。最后,通过实例分析验证了该模型的适用性。     

灭火救援演习方案评估问题研究

灭火救援演习是最贴近实战的训练方式,对消防部队的基础和技能训练具有较强的指导与检验作用。就演习方案及灭火救援演习评估中存在的问题进行研究,将对日后演习成功起到一定的积极影响。     

From Westphalian Failure to Heterarchic Governance in MENA: The Case of Syria

Abstract

The problematic export of the Westphalian system to MENA is examined, taking Syria as exemplar. The export model is juxtaposed to actual non-lineal trajectories, semi-sovereignty and hybrid or failing states. This is manifested in post-uprising Syria in failing statehood, fragmented and overlapping governance, permeable and collapsing borders, the loss of sovereignty to trans-state movements, “competitive regime-building” between the Asad regime and jihadist warlords, and “competitive interventionism” by external powers filling the governance vacuum with their own proxies. The result is heterarchic zones of limited statehood in which state sovereignty is contested by both international (supra-state) penetration and sub-state fragmentation.     

球头弹低速斜侵彻下薄板穿甲破坏机理研究

为探讨球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板的破坏机理,通过系列弹道试验,对比分析了不同初始速度下弹体的变形,靶板的破坏模式,以及靶板的破口大小及形状;同时采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对弹靶作用过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明：低速斜侵彻下靶板响应非完全对称,根据受力特征可将靶板划分为四个不同区域,即接触区,弯曲区,拉伸区和对称区;薄板的穿甲破坏可分为四个不同的阶段,即隆起变形,碟形变形,弯曲变形,弹体贯穿阶段;不同初始速度下靶板出现四种典型的穿甲破坏模式,随着初始速度的增加依次为隆起—碟形变形,隆起—碟形变形—拉弯撕裂破坏,隆起—碟形变形—拉弯剪切破坏,隆起—拉弯剪切破坏。斜侵彻下靶板破口形状为椭圆形,随着初始速度的增加,破口长径不断减小,形状由椭圆形向卵形过渡。     

Numerical investigation of the failure mechanism of cubic concrete specimens in SHPB tests

Cylindrical specimens are commonly used in Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests to study the uniaxial dynamic properties of concrete-like materials.In recent years,true tri-axial SHPB equipment has also been developed or is under development to investigate the material dynamic properties under tri-axial impact loads.For such tests,cubic specimens are needed.It is well understood that static material strength obtained from cylinder and cube specimens are different.Conversion factors are obtained and adopted in some guidelines to convert the material strength obtained from the two types of specimens.Previous uniaxial impact tests have also demonstrated that the failure mode and the strain rate effect of cubic specimens are very different from that of cylindrical ones.However,the mechanical background of these findings is unclear.As an extension of the previous laboratory study,this study performs numerical SHPB tests of cubic and cylindrical concrete specimens subjected to uniaxial impact load with the validated numerical model.The stress states of cubic specimens in relation to its failure mode under different strain rates is analyzed and compared with cylindrical specimens.The detailed analyses of the numerical simulation results show that the lateral inertial confinement of the cylindrical specimen is higher than that of the cubic specimen under the same strain rates.For cubic specimen,the corners are more severely damaged because of the lower lateral confinement and the occurrence of the tensile radial stress which is not observed in cylindrical specimens.These results explain why the dynamic material strengths obtained from the two types of specimens are different and are strain rate dependent.Based on the simulation results,an empirical formula of conversion factor as a function of strain rate is proposed,which supplements the traditional conversion factor for quasi-static material strength.It can be used for transforming the dynamic compressive strength from cylinders to cubes obtained from impact tests at different strain rates.     

舰船回转运动时拖曳声纳阵位预报研究

根据船舶操纵性标准方程 ,预报了拖船水平面的操舵回转运动 ,由此确定船舶操舵回转时拖点的速度作为拖曳声纳运动预报的拖点边界条件 .利用拖缆回转运动计算程序 ,计算了船舶回转时拖曳声纳阵位 ,初步讨论了船舶操舵回转对拖曳声纳的影响 .