基于中位秩的动态可靠性增长模型

给出了一种动态可靠性增长模型。首先利用统计中的中位秩法结合试验数据确定各个增长阶段的失效率 ,这一技术可以很好地解决小子样问题 ,并且由于利用了动态建模的思想 ,因而可以客观地反映系统的实际状态。其次 ,该模型继承了传统Duane模型简单、直观、易于进行参数估计的优点 ,同时又很好地处理了传统Duane模型所不适用的分阶段、多场景试验的情形 ,因而有很广阔的工程应用前景。最后通过仿真实例验证了该模型的正确性     

A general model of heterogeneous system lifetimes and conditions for system burn‐in

Burn‐in is a technique to enhance reliability by eliminating weak items from a population of items having heterogeneous lifetimes. System burn‐in can improve system reliability, but the conditions for system burn‐in to be performed after component burn‐in remain a little understood mathematical challenge. To derive such conditions, we first introduce a general model of heterogeneous system lifetimes, in which the component burn‐in information and assembly problems are related to the prediction of system burn‐in. Many existing system burn‐in models become special cases and two important results are identified. First, heterogeneous system lifetimes can be understood naturally as a consequence of heterogeneous component lifetimes and heterogeneous assembly quality. Second, system burn‐in is effective if assembly quality variation in the components and connections which are arranged in series is greater than a threshold, where the threshold depends on the system structure and component failure rates. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 364–380, 2003.     

E级超级计算机故障预测的数据采集方法

面向未来E级超级计算机,提出用于故障预测的数据采集框架,能够全面采集与计算结点故障相关的状态数据。采用自适应多层分组数据汇集方法,有效解决随着系统规模增长数据汇集过程开销过大的问题。在TH-1A超级计算机上的实现和测试表明,该数据采集框架具有开销小、扩展性好的优点,能够满足未来大规模系统故障预测数据采集的需求。     

考虑载荷作用次数的多失效模式扭力轴灵敏度分析

机械构件的不同的失效模式之间具有一定的相关性,而且随机载荷作用次数对机械构件的可靠性有一定程度的影响。因此对机械构件进行可靠性灵敏度分析时,需要充分考虑其不同失效模式和载荷作用次数的影响。通过运用顺序统计量理论考虑载荷多次作用以及多种失效模式条件下机械构件可靠性及可靠性灵敏度的变化规律,运用随机摄动理论和四阶矩技术,建立一种考虑载荷作用次数的多失效模式机械构件可靠性灵敏度分析数值方法的应力强度干涉模型。在随机变量前四阶矩已知的情况下,结合灵敏度分析的梯度算法,推导出关于随机变量均值和方差的灵敏度计算公式。以某履带车辆底盘扭力轴为例进行计算,得到其可靠度随载荷作用次数、随机变量均值和方差而改变的可靠性灵敏度变化曲线,为扭力轴的可靠性优化提供一定的理论依据。研究成果可以推广到相关机械可靠性灵敏度设计和结构优化领域,具有非常重要的实用意义。     

基于空间几何关系的反交会规避机动方法研究

针对具有自主接近能力的航天器开展了反交会规避机动方法研究。首先,建立了仅测角相对导航模型,对完全不可观测机动进行定义,基于空间几何关系推导并证明了完全不可观测机动是不存在的。随后,以施加规避机动后追踪器对逃逸器的测量值与未机动时的差异为优化目标,利用矢量乘积原理设计目标函数,建立优化模型并对变量约束进行分析,随后采用遗传算法对最优规避机动方向进行优化。给出的仿真算例结果表明,提出的规避机动方向计算方法能够使目标函数值达到最小,从而提升追踪器对逃逸器的状态估计难度,降低其估计精度。本文方法为规避机动问题研究提供了一种新的视角,可为以主动接近航天器这类新对象进行的规避研究提供有益借鉴。     

一种改进的基于交互式模型的机动目标跟踪算法

针对传统的以匀速(CV)或匀加速(CA)运动作为目标运动模型的卡尔曼跟踪滤波器的计算量大及跟踪精度低的固有缺陷,提出了一种基于CV和CA的交互式卡尔曼滤波模型的机动目标跟踪算法,该算法能在保持直线运动跟踪精度不变的前提下,使做曲线运动的目标的跟踪精度逼近做直线运动的目标的跟踪精度。并将CV和CA模型混合起来进行仿真估计,系统仿真结果表明该算法提高了系统的跟踪精度。     

Estimating failure time distribution and its parameters based on intermediate data from a Wiener degradation model

Instead of measuring a Wiener degradation or performance process at predetermined time points to track degradation or performance of a product for estimating its lifetime, we propose to obtain the first‐passage times of the process over certain nonfailure thresholds. Based on only these intermediate data, we obtain the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator and uniformly most accurate confidence interval for the mean lifetime. For estimating the lifetime distribution function, we propose a modified maximum likelihood estimator and a new estimator and prove that, by increasing the sample size of the intermediate data, these estimators and the above‐mentioned estimator of the mean lifetime can achieve the same levels of accuracy as the estimators assuming one has failure times. Thus, our method of using only intermediate data is useful for highly reliable products when their failure times are difficult to obtain. Furthermore, we show that the proposed new estimator of the lifetime distribution function is more accurate than the standard and modified maximum likelihood estimators. We also obtain approximate confidence intervals for the lifetime distribution function and its percentiles. Finally, we use light‐emitting diodes as an example to illustrate our method and demonstrate how to validate the Wiener assumption during the testing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

59-03指挥仪动态调整专家系统

本文介绍了59-03指挥仪动态调整专家系统的设计过程,重点讨论了应用故障诊断的测前模拟理论建立指挥仪动态调整专家系统的方法。     

Weibull型产品的可靠性验证

讨论了Weibull型产品的可靠性验证问题 ,首先分析了Weibull型产品分布参数的无信息验前分布问题 ,利用验前信息可以得到分布参数的验前概率密度函数 ,进而分析了产品的可靠性验证问题 ,顾及了使用方利益和生产方利益。仿真算例表明 ,使用方利益和生产方利益是相互折衷的。     

在热处理领域应用可靠性理论的研究

本文提出以最小失效概率为标准,解决钢材强韧性最佳匹配问题,并以此来优选钢材的回火温度或淬火温度。本文将可靠性理论引入热处理领域,以强度理论和断裂力学为依据,应用干涉模型和最弱环模型,在一定条件下计算出各种状态下材料的一系列综合失效概率,进而找出具有最小失效概率的状态,即为此条件下最佳强韧性匹配的状态,也就是我们应当优选的状态。