‘Innovate or die’: Organizational culture and the origins of maneuver warfare in the United States Marine Corps

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, this article contributes to the understanding of the origins of maneuver warfare as the capstone doctrine of the Marine Corps. It does so by identifying a second source that fostered change in the Marine Corps – one in addition to disquiet about the conduct of the war in Vietnam – which stemmed from the challenges posed by the United States' post-Vietnam strategic and military reorientation. And second, this article examines the influence of organizational culture, or identity, on innovation in the Marine Corps. A critical strand in the growing literature on military innovation focuses on organizational culture and how it influences the behavior and responses of particular military organizations. This article contributes to this literature by analyzing the influence of the organizational culture of the Marine Corps in shaping what was deemed an appropriate response to the challenges it confronted in the 1970s.     

面向实体的作战行动数据采集系统研究与设计

为满足基地对作战行动数据的实际需求,针对作战行动数据的特点,提出了以作战实体为中心的数据组织方式和作战行动的模板描述方法;运用软件工程技术对系统进行了需求分析和方案设计,并结合主流的web技术构建了系统解决方案。系统能够对训练、演习中的作战行动进行标准化数据描述并记录形成作战行动数据库,为演习评估、裁决等实际应用提供数据支撑。经过长期的数据积累和数据挖掘,能够对部队的作战行动进行合理的评价与预测,为建立长效的数据采集、使用机制提供保障。     

基于三角模糊熵的装备维修合同商评价与选择

装备维修合同商保障能力评价是军民融合装备维修招投标过程中合理选择最优合同商的基础.通过对招投标过程及以往资料的研究,在考虑部队装备维修保障特殊性的基础上,从合同商资质、技术能力、管理水平和价格成本4个方面构建装备维修合同商评价指标体系,并运用基于三角模糊熵的综合评价法进行评价.综合运用三角模糊法和熵值法,针对评价指标的模糊性和不确定性,采用三角模糊数对定性指标量化处理,又用熵权反映出指标竞争的相对激烈程度,计算出评价对象与理想点的贴近度和距离,据此对评价对象进行优劣排序,最后通过实例进行了验证.     

空域窗射击毁歼概率解析计算模型

为提高未来空域窗射击技术对空中机动目标的毁伤概率,需要根据目标机动幅度对未来空域窗的大小进行动态设定,故提出“自适应射击窗”的概念.空域窗大小设定的依据是使毁歼概率最优.可以采用解析法来在线计算该毁歼概率值.在分析空域窗射击误差的基础上,演绎了均匀分布法与高斯和法两种毁歼概率解析计算方法的公式.以毁歼概率蒙特卡罗法仿真数据为基准值,对两种解析法的计算精度进行了对比分析.仿真结果表明,高斯和法的计算精度显著优于均匀分布法,且满足实时计算要求,适于在线评估空域窗的射击效能.     

Dynamic regulation on innovation and adoption of green technology with information asymmetry

This study investigates a regulator's dynamic policy to motivate firms' research on and adoption of green technology. In the proposed model, a firm makes unobservable efforts and can hide the technology's arrival from the regulator to avoid adoption costs. We find that the optimal policy follows a simple structure and induces part-time efforts, rather than the maximal effort reported in previous studies. In particular, the regulator should offer no subsidy before the arrival of a technology report, provide a one-time subsidy contingent upon that report, and always set a termination deadline. At the deadline, the firm is forced to select an external option that is associated with social costs. The optimal report-based subsidy decreases with time. Under the optimal policy, the firm works until an effort deadline, makes no effort thereafter, and reports the technology as soon as it arrives. This study also characterizes the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the optimal policy reduces to one that leads, in terms of throughout time, to effort that is maximal or minimal. Our results indicate that policymakers should implement a policy that compensates firms more in the present and less in the future.     

火灾安全评价方法研究

火灾安全评价是利用系统工程的方法对拟建或已有工程、系统可能存在的危险性及可能产生的后果进行综合评价和预测,并根据可能导致的火灾事故风险的大小,提出相应的安全对策措施,以达到工程、系统安全的过程。主要论述了火灾安全评价的目的、火灾安全评价的意义、火灾安全评价的一般程序、火灾安全评价方法选择、火灾安全评价方法的比较及火灾安全评价方法在消防中应用。     

基于树分解/合并策略的QoS多播路由方法

针对多约束QoS多播路由的NP-Complete特性,提出一种可控的多播树分解与合并策略,使多播树的生成在兼顾低费用的同时具有多样性,有效克服多播路由优化的局部极值问题。基于该策略设计蚁群算法,分解蚂蚁种群为与多播目标点相对应的蚂蚁子群,引入基于“死点”惩罚和多播树奖惩的信息素更新机制,提高了算法的收敛速度。仿真实验表明,该方法能有效地解决QoS多播路由问题,且随着网络规模的增大保持了良好的性能。     

Transformations of node‐balanced routing problems

This article describes a polynomial transformation for a class of unit‐demand vehicle routing problems, named node‐balanced routing problems (BRP), where the number of nodes on each route is restricted to be in an interval such that the workload across the routes is balanced. The transformation is general in that it can be applied to single or multiple depot, homogeneous or heterogeneous fleet BRPs, and any combination thereof. At the heart of the procedure lies transforming the BRP into a generalized traveling salesman problem (TSP), which can then be transformed into a TSP. The transformed graph exhibits special properties which can be exploited to significantly reduce the number of arcs, and used to construct a formulation for the resulting TSP that amounts to no more than that of a constrained assignment problem. Computational results on a number of instances are presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 370–387, 2015     

基于GQM的装备软件可靠性参数选取方法

针对装备软件无可靠性定量要求以及开发过程缺少监管的问题,提出基于GQM(Goal-Question-Metric)的装备软件可靠性参数选取方法。首先构建了软件可靠性通用参数集和装备软件可靠性特有参数集,然后按照GQM方法的框架,从不同角度出发,制定装备软件可靠性度量目标,列出为实现目标需要回答的一系列问题,进而以回答问题的方式,确定不同情况下适用的软件可靠性参数,最终建立装备软件可靠性参数体系。     

无线传感器网络动态汇聚节点调度算法研究

移动汇聚节点调度是传感器网络中一个新的研究热点.通过建立一个普适的多目标优化模型,提出了贴近实际的汇聚节点循环路径规划模型,采用以连续时间离散化为理论基础的时域-空域转化方法,将时域中的优化模型无损地转至空域中,从而大大减少了所涉及的变量数量,降低了求解的复杂度.通过实验可以看出,调度移动汇聚节点可以有效扩展网络的生命周期.