国防关键技术选择中备选技术清单研究

形成备选国防关键技术领域和技术清单是进行国防关键技术调查与选择的前提和基础。按照先分解再合并的研究路径,研究提出备选技术清单的有五个主要来源,通过初步开展国防关键技术领域和备选清单遴选的研究,为后续国防关键技术选择评价理论、模型、方法和工具的应用验证提供支撑。     

一种基于元胞自动机的故障样本选取方法

故障样本选取是测试性验证中的关键环节,直接影响测试性验证试验的效率和结果的正确性。在板级电路的故障样本选取过程中,运用传染病思想中的元胞自动机模型分析了电路故障的传播行为,提出了一种基于元胞自动机的故障样本选取方法,实现了故障样本的等效选取。以某型装备关键部件为例,建立了故障传播模型,计算并改进了元胞自动机状态计算方法,通过注入易操作的故障样本,简化了故障注入的流程,提高了故障注入效率。     

基于自适应二阶终端滑模的航天器有限时间姿态机动算法

针对航天器有限时间姿态机动问题,提出一种自适应二阶终端滑模控制算法。设计一种终端滑模面,保证系统状态能够在有限时间内沿滑模面收敛到系统原点;为克服系统抖振,设计了二阶终端滑模控制器,并采用参数自适应估计项补偿系统中的外部干扰力矩。基于Lyapunov函数法证明了二阶自适应终端滑模控制器能够保证闭环系统实际有限时间稳定。仿真结果表明,提出的姿态机动算法响应速度快、精度高,能够有效实现对系统抖振和外部干扰的抑制,具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。     

群决策理论在多机协同空战机动决策中的应用

针对近距空战中多架战机对空中的多个敌对目标进行协同攻击的机动决策问题进行了研究。将群决策理论引入多机协同空战机动决策,首先确定了决策成员与候选方案,然后基于战场态势评估提出了采用风险决策准则的偏好排序确定方法,给出了集结偏好的序数型群决策方法。在不同空战想定条件下进行仿真,结果表明,该方法合理、可行,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于能量均衡的无线传感器网络生命周期延长策略

为了从能量均衡角度出发解决无线传感器网络生命周期延长问题,从而延长整个物联网生命周期,针对无线传感器网络节点遭遇"路由空洞"的时候出现路由中断和生命周期缩短现象,分析能量消耗原理,构建最优跳数模型和能量均衡协议,并提出采用能量均衡的思路减少节点能量消耗。实验仿真发现,应用能量均衡协议使无线传感器网络节点能量分布更加均匀,节点能量消耗时间明显变长,而个别节点能量消耗速度明显大于其他节点的情况得以减少,达到延长无线传感器网络生命周期的目的。仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于路径规划的敏捷卫星姿态机动反馈控制方法

为了避免奇异状态,单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)操纵律要求框架角进行快速转动,需要消耗较多的能量,并会对SGCMG和卫星系统带来一系列潜在危害。针对该问题,提出基于路径规划和反馈控制相结合的姿态机动控制方法。根据固定时间姿态机动的任务需求,以能量为优化指标,采用伪谱法优化机动路径并回避奇异状态;将最优控制量作为参考数输入,并利用基于系统限制状态的反馈控制方法消除不确定性和扰动的影响。反馈控制基于名义输入进行数值积分得到的预测状态量,并与期望终端状态比较形成控制误差信号。该方法将卫星和SGCMG作为整体规划姿态运动,能够有效避免奇异状态。结合工程实际,在闭环控制仿真中考虑了卫星角速度和SGCMG框架角的初始偏差。仿真结果表明:本文算法能够有限避免奇异状态,且能消除初始姿态角速度和框架角不确定的影响。     

一种基于节点资源利用率的无标度网络路由策略

本文研究了节点负载处理能力异质条件下的无标度网络交通动力学过程,提出了一种基于节点资源利用率的全局动态路由策略。该策略利用网络中节点资源利用率构建了一种全局代价函数,选择使该代价函数最小的路径来传输负载。实验结果表明该路由策略在略微增加平均路径长度的情况下成倍地提高了网络负载传输能力,与有效路由策略的比较进一步验证了该策略的有效性。     

刍议英文电影在大学英语课堂教学中的运用

在英语课堂教学中运用英文电影,可为学生提供丰富的语境化的语言和真实的跨文化信息,为学生创造在课堂上实践语言的机会,也更能激发学生的英语学习兴趣。分析在非英语专业学生课堂教学中选择英文电影的标准,探讨电影观前、观看和观后三个阶段的教学活动。     

Exact algorithms for integrated facility location and production planning problems

We consider a class of facility location problems with a time dimension, which requires assigning every customer to a supply facility in each of a finite number of periods. Each facility must meet all assigned customer demand in every period at a minimum cost via its production and inventory decisions. We provide exact branch‐and‐price algorithms for this class of problems and several important variants. The corresponding pricing problem takes the form of an interesting class of production planning and order selection problems. This problem class requires selecting a set of orders that maximizes profit, defined as the revenue from selected orders minus production‐planning‐related costs incurred in fulfilling the selected orders. We provide polynomial‐time dynamic programming algorithms for this class of pricing problems, as well as for generalizations thereof. Computational testing indicates the advantage of our branch‐and‐price algorithm over various approaches that use commercial software packages. These tests also highlight the significant cost savings possible from integrating location with production and inventory decisions and demonstrate that the problem is rather insensitive to forecast errors associated with the demand streams. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

Monitoring the market or the salesperson? The value of information in a multilayer supply chain

We study a supply chain in which a manufacturer relies on a salesperson to sell the products to the consumers. The sales outcome is determined by a random market condition and the salesperson's service level, both of which are privately observed by the salesperson. Apart from them, there are two types of resellers: a knowledgeable reseller observes the market condition, whereas a diligent reseller can monitor the service level. While delegating to a reseller enhances information acquisition, it may also result in double marginalization and inefficiency. We identify several operating regimes in which double marginalization can be eliminated via simple contracts and establish the benefit of monitoring the salesperson over monitoring the market. Our dominance result is not prone to our model characteristics regarding the complementarity of market condition and sales effort, the relative importance of adverse selection and moral hazard, and the contract form. We then generalize our model and re‐establish the dominance result in the presence of reseller's risk aversion or private monitoring expertise. We also quantify the performance gaps among different selling schemes under various scenarios. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011