On parallel machine replacement problems with general replacement cost functions and stochastic deterioration

The parallel machine replacement problem consists of finding a minimum cost replacement policy for a finite population of economically interdependent machines. In this paper, we formulate a stochastic version of the problem and analyze the structure of optimal policies under general classes of replacement cost functions. We prove that for problems with arbitrary cost functions, there can be optimal policies where a machine is replaced only if all machines in worse states are replaced (Worse Cluster Replacement Rule). We then show that, for problems with replacement cost functions exhibiting nonincreasing marginal costs, there are optimal policies such that, in any stage, machines in the same state are either all kept or all replaced (No‐Splitting Rule). We also present an example that shows that economies of scale in replacement costs do not guarantee optimal policies that satisfy the No‐Splitting Rule. These results lead to the fundamental insight that replacement decisions are driven by marginal costs, and not by economies of scale as suggested in the literature. Finally, we describe how the optimal policy structure, i.e., the No‐Splitting and Worse Cluster Replacement Rules, can be used to reduce the computational effort required to obtain optimal replacement policies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

浅析新疆产业结构的调整对农村人力资源开发的影响

一个地区的产业结构演变决定其就业分布及变动。新疆产业结构长期的不均衡,引致其就业形势日趋严峻,针对这一情况,文章提出了产业结构调整的思路与政府宏观决策的取向。     

一种新的导弹发射技术辅助决策系统架构

导弹武器系统特有的作战特点,以及专家知识的不完备性,使得传统的辅助决策系统难以在短时间内作出准确、有效的决策。因此,提出一种新的导弹发射技术辅助决策系统的总体结构及实现相应功能的模型,即采用BP神经网络-遗传算法(GA)实现辅助决策,基于有向图实现故障诊断,通过决策融合生成图形决策方案,缩短了决策时间,提高了决策的有效性。     

空间预警系统建立导弹目标优先级的多属性决策

空间预警系统在多传感器多目标的情况下需要传感器调度,而建立目标优先级是有效进行传感器调度的第一步。由星载传感器所得图像对目标特征进行估计具有很大的不确定性,直接影响到导弹目标优先级的建立。首先通过作战分析确定出导弹目标的主要属性,采用层次分析法评价属性的权重,然后在不确定的条件下对属性求期望值,使用3种多属性决策方法评价导弹目标的威胁程度,最后取期望值作为导弹目标的威胁评价。正交实验结果表明算法具有很强的实时性和实用性。     

不完全权重信息下地空导弹部队阵地评价与排序

给出了地空导弹部队阵地评价指标体系,在已知专家对各指标的打分结果和目标权重范围的局部信息基础下,提出一种先进行局部优化再组合赋权以求得指标的组合权重向量,并根据综合属性值对各方案进行排序的多目标决策方法,避免了获取有关地空导弹部队评价指标偏好信息的困难,最后以实例说明了本方法的应用情况.     

引导方式的代价评估

引导方式的选择是超视距舰舰导弹攻击中最重要的决策问题。它牵动到兵力的使用问题,是目前作战部队急待解决的重点课题之一。传统的评估方法往往只侧重最终的数学结果而忽视对评估过程的揭示,难以被部队指挥员接受,从而影响了数学评估在作战指挥中的应用。给出了引导方式损益评估中代价评估的方法。该方法采用表格作业方式,可帮助指挥员全面掌握决策要素,自主控制各因素的作用,符合部队指挥员对决策透明的要求。计算过程简洁,易于在部队推广使用。     

扩展式机动目标可调白噪声模型

在目标跟踪过程中,每个量测周期所得到的雷达量测数据以极坐标形式表示。量测方程在极坐标中是线性的,但在笛卡儿坐标系中却是非线性的。此时,目标跟踪实际上是非线性的。随着现代航空、航天技术的发展,飞行器的机动性得到了更大的加强,这就使跟踪问题变得更加困难和复杂。针对非线性机动目标跟踪问题,提出了一种扩展式当前统计模型机动目标跟踪算法。该算法不需要假定目标的机动加速度模型,而是直接正确地估计出机动目标的当前状态,不存在任何估计滞后与修正问题。最后,给出了算法的仿真分析。     

目标数据关联多因素分布式推理判决系统推理结构

目标数据关联多因素分布式推理判决系统 ,是一基于分布式判决分类系统理论进行目标数据关联分析的大规模推理判决系统 ,在C3I系统中有着广泛的应用前景。本文在分析推理判决系统的推理规则类型和状态类型的基础上 ,给出系统的推理结构图 ,该推理结构是正关联神经推理结构     

Minimizing the false alarm rate in systems with transient abnormality

We consider a stochastic partially observable system that can switch between a normal state and a transient abnormal state before entering a persistent abnormal state. Only the persistent abnormal state requires alarms. The transient and persistent abnormal states may be similar in appearance, which can result in excess false alarms. We propose a partially observable Markov decision process model to minimize the false alarm rate, subject to a given upper bound on the expected alarm delay time. The cost parameter is treated as the Lagrange multiplier, which can be estimated from the bound of the alarm delay. We show that the optimal policy has a control‐limit structure on the probability of persistent abnormality, and derive closed‐form bounds for the control limit and present an algorithm to specify the Lagrange multiplier. We also study a specialized model where the transient and persistent abnormal states have the same observation distribution, in which case an intuitive “watchful‐waiting” policy is optimal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 320–334, 2016     

基于多雷达组网IMM-GMPHDF的机动多目标检测跟踪

高斯混合概率假设密度滤波(GMPHDF)有牢固的理论基础,是解决高斯条件下跟踪强杂波环境中目标数未知的多目标问题的有效方法。但当目标发生机动时,就难以跟踪到目标,因此,在GMPHDF中引入交互多模型(IMM)算法,对继续存在目标的运动模型进行建模,根据计算的模型概率融合各模型滤波器估计得到的继续存在目标概率假设密度,解决了运动模型机动问题。仿真实验表明,IMM-GMPHDF能实时跟踪到强机动超音速多目标,在多雷达组网系统中跟踪强机动超音速多目标精度(OSPA距离均方根误差)能达到70 m,满足了工程使用要求。