Morts pour la France: Demographic or Economic Factors?

This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the database ‘Mémoire des hommes’, which is a record of more than 1 million French soldiers officially recognized as dead during the World War I (WWI). Integrating this source with the 1911 census, we evaluate the potential numbers of recruits by French regional department. From this, a model identifies the factors affecting the number of deaths. While demographic factors are the principal determinants, adding significant economic, political and spatial factors reduces the unexplained variance between regions and significantly improves the explanation of the disparity in the number of deaths by region.     

Asia-Pacific Demand for Military Expenditure: Spatial Panel and SUR Estimates

This article investigates the demand for military expenditure for a sample of key Asia-Pacific countries. Spatial panel demand estimates are presented for three joined spatial units using a fixed-coefficient spatial lag model based on a two-step efficient GMM estimator. Spatial autoregression estimates are next presented for 1991–2015, founded on alternative kinds of country connectivities, such as contiguity, inverse distance, discrete distance, and power-projection considerations. Finally, 11 select countries’ demands for defense equations are estimated using seemingly unrelated regressions. From alternative perspectives, these estimated models indicate how Asia-Pacific countries respond to the defense spending of other countries. In the spatial runs, free riding is prevalent despite the growing military might of China, which apparently is not generally viewed as a threat. For the sample period, the projection of Chinese or American power is a relevant spatial factor. The main threat is reflected in non-U.S. allies’ reaction to U.S. allies’ defense spending during 1991–2015 and to Chinese defense spending after 2002.     

基于GIS的战场电磁环境可视化研究

针对当前战场电磁环境不可见特征,部队指挥员对其认知的模糊性,运用地理信息系统GIS(Graphic Information System)探索战场电磁环境可视化问题。提出用空间聚类分析模型解决分析处理电磁辐射源空间分布上的一种或几种特征问题,并对系统数据库设计、功能模板设计、逻辑结构设计进行详细阐述。得到可视化系统设计方案,将为指挥员进行电磁态势分析、指挥作战提供有效的辅助决策工具。     

Competitive location and capacity decisions for firms serving time‐sensitive customers

In this article we explore how two competing firms locate and set capacities to serve time‐sensitive customers. Because customers are time‐sensitive, they may decline to place an order from either competitor if their expected waiting time is large. We develop a two‐stage game where firms set capacities and then locations, and show that three types of subgame perfect equilibria are possible: local monopoly (in which each customer is served by a single firm, but some customers may be left unserved), constrained local monopoly (in which firms serve the entire interval of customers but do not compete with each other), and constrained competition (in which firms also serve the entire interval of customers, but now compete for some customers). We perform a comparative statics analysis to illustrate differences in the equilibrium behavior of a duopolist and a coordinated monopolist. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

一种估计来波信号极化状态的新方法

干扰场的极化估计是自适应极化滤波器首要的也是最为关键的一步,极化估计器的精度直接制约极化滤波器的滤波效果.基于单极化雷达接收天线的空域极化特性,提出了一种来波信号极化状态的估计方法.首先介绍了算法的估计原理,并对算法性能进行理论分析,在此基础上,进行相应的计算机仿真实验,探讨了影响估计性能的主要因素及提高算法性能的主要途径.理论推导和计算机仿真结果均证明了估计算法的有效性.     

多自治空间数据源的k邻近查询处理

多自治空间数据源的k邻近查询处理在空间信息领域具有广泛的应用。综合分析比较现有的查询处理算法,研究并提出了多自治空间数据源环境下k邻近查询处理框架及其实现算法。实验结果表明,所提出的算法能有效地减少k邻近查询处理系统的数据传输量,减少了系统响应时间。     

脱壳弹弹托分离的双目视觉测量

脱壳弹的弹托分离过程对弹体的飞行稳定性和打击效能具有显著的影响。针对脱壳弹出膛后弹托相对弹体的六自由度运动过程,提出采用基于双目视觉原理的弹托分离角测量方法。通过在弹体表面和弹托表面设置标记点,采用图像处理和跟踪算法实现对标记点的识别和跟踪。结合双目空间标定参数解算出标记点的空间位置,进而获得弹托相对弹体的分离角度,同时采用实验验证了上述测量方法的精度,其精度达到2%。以实验室进行的初速度1 550 m/s和1 750 m/s的脱壳弹射击试验为例,测量并分析了不同初速度下的弹托分离轨迹。结果表明:脱壳弹分离初速度越快,弹托分离轨迹越靠近弹体。     

C3I系统中战术态势估计的推理方法

本文首先讨论了态势估计中推理框架的现有形式，并从中抽取共性；然后讨论了推理算法的研究现状及存在的问题；最后在推理框架共性之下，提出了应用模糊理论和统计理论解决这些问题的步骤。     

X-2000空间数据库系统的设计和实现

空间数据库技术是地理信息系统（ＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ，简称ＧＩＳ）的核心技术。我们设计和实现了一个新型的空间数据库系统——Ｘ－２０００空间数据库系统，它综合利用了空间数据库的新技术，提出了新的空间数据库的组织方法。本文重点介绍该空间数据库系统的设计思路和实现方法。     

Background dominant colors extraction method based on color image quick fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm

A quick and accurate extraction of dominant colors of background images is the basis of adaptive camouflage design. This paper proposes a Color Image Quick Fuzzy C-Means (CIQFCM) clustering algorithm based on clustering spatial mapping. First, the clustering sample space was mapped from the image pixels to the quantized color space, and several methods were adopted to compress the amount of clustering samples. Then, an improved pedigree clustering algorithm was applied to obtain the initial class centers. Finally, CIQFCM clustering algorithm was used for quick extraction of dominant colors of background image. After theoretical analysis of the effect and efficiency of the CIQFCM algorithm, several experiments were carried out to discuss the selection of proper quantization intervals and to verify the effect and efficiency of the CIQFCM algorithm. The results indicated that the value of quantization intervals should be set to 4, and the proposed algorithm could improve the clustering efficiency while maintaining the clustering effect. In addition, as the image size increased from 128 × 128 to 1024 × 1024, the efficiency improvement of CIQFCM algorithm was increased from 6.44 times to 36.42 times, which demonstrated the significant advantage of CIQFCM algorithm in dominant colors extraction of large-size images.