Allocation of two redundancies in two‐component series systems

The allocation of redundancies in a system to optimize the reliability of system performance is an interesting problem in reliability engineering and system security. In this article, we focus on the optimal allocation of two exponentially distributed active (standby) redundancies in a two‐component series system using the tool of stochastic ordering. For the case of active redundancy, stochastic comparisons are carried out in terms of the likelihood ratio and reversed hazard rate orders. For the case of standby redundancy, a likelihood ratio ordering result is developed. The results established here generalize and strengthen corresponding results in the recent literature. In addition, several numerical examples are used to explicate the results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

THE ACRS EXPERIENCE AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE WMDFZ CONFERENCE

This article examines the arms control logic that was applied to the only regional arms control talks that have taken place in the Middle East to date: the Arms Control and Regional Security (ACRS) working group that was part of the multilateral track of the Madrid peace process in the early 1990s. It highlights both the successes and major constraints of the ACRS talks in an effort to assess what might be relevant to the weapons of mass destruction-free zone conference proposed for later this year. In addition to the basic arms control dilemmas that will continue to challenge this conference—as they did ACRS—the article suggests that current conditions in the Middle East are even less conducive to regional dialogue than they were in the earlier period, due to the internal upheavals in several key Arab states, and the specific challenge of Iran's move to develop a military nuclear capability.     

THE MIDDLE EAST WMD-FREE ZONE CONFERENCE

This article reviews the origins and evolution of the Middle East weapons of mass destruction-free zone (WMDFZ) concept and the proposal for a 2012 conference on the subject, and explores new challenges and opportunities for regional arms control in the current regional environment. It suggests that new models may be necessary to revitalize regional arms control efforts. The establishment of a broad regional security forum could include, but should not be limited to, curtailing weapons of mass destruction through the zone approach. Even if the 2012 conference fails to materialize, or is limited to a one-time event, the proposal for such a conference has provided an important opportunity to rethink future options for a regional arms control and security process.     

From stopping to preventing atrocities

The Constitutive Act of the African Union (AU) provides for the right of the continental body to intervene in the face of war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. According to its formulation, Article 4(h) intervention entails military force, which is triggered when a target state fails to discharge its duty to protect its population from mass atrocities. Although Article 4(h) is an ambitious statutory commitment to intervene in a member state by the AU, the Libyan crisis in 2011 showed the ambivalence of the continental institution to act in a decisive and timely manner. The AU's failure to invoke Article 4(h) exposed the need for building the capacity and political will to intervene and to interpret Article 4(h). Therefore, the primary focus of this article is on how Article 4(h) should be interpreted. Flowing from the Pretoria Principles, which seek to provide clarity on the implementation of the AU's right of intervention, Article 4(h) should be viewed as a duty rather than a right to prevent or stop mass atrocities. The duty dimension of Article 4(h) derives from the international instruments that AU member states have ratified to prevent mass atrocities. Rather than being a paper tiger, Article 4(h) should be used in a proactive and timely manner as a military option available to the AU to persuade member states to prevent or halt atrocities. As a last resort, military force pursuant to Article 4(h) should aim at protecting the population at risk and pursuing the perpetrators in order to avoid contravening Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations (UN). Although military intervention can save lives in the short term, it cannot necessarily address the underlying, structural causes of atrocities, such as ethnic rivalries, economic inequalities and scramble for natural resources, among others. Therefore, the prevention of mass atrocities should not be equated with, or be seen through the prism of, Article 4(h) intervention alone. The focus should instead be on the entire spectrum of preventive strategies at the disposal of the AU in the face of mass atrocities, including the African human rights system and the African Peer Review Mechanism.     

舰艇作战系统工作模式及其作战对策分析

探讨了基于敌情事件触发的舰艇作战系统工作模式及其作战对策。根据舰艇的内外部需求,依据传感器系统与武器系统所处的状态,提出了舰艇作战系统的五种工作模式。并研究了在敌情事件触发下,如何根据舰艇所处的工作模式,迅速做出相应的作战对策,给出各种模式下的模式转换流程。这种作战对策可使作战过程自动化、信息传输扁平化,从而提高舰艇在紧急状况下的反应速度。     

双质量飞轮的弧形弹簧设计及仿真分析

为了研究双质量飞轮的减振特性及其在汽车上的使用情况,在分析弧形螺旋弹簧双质量飞轮工作原理的基础上,经过理论推导,得到了应用于双质量飞轮的弧形螺旋弹簧的刚度计算公式,根据此公式完成了2个弹簧和6个弹簧双质量飞轮的弹簧参数计算和结构设计;建立了车辆动力传动系统的多自由度扭振分析仿真模型,对2种形式双质量飞轮减振效果进行了仿真分析。分析结果对设计适用于已知工况的双质量飞轮具有实用意义。     

基于MSP430 MCU的安全智能水量计量研究与实现

随着社会经济的迅速发展,工、农业的用水需求日益增多。为提高工、农业等大型供水系统的智能化和安全性,本文基于MSP430嵌入式处理机研发了安全智能水量测控仪嵌入式系统。本系统支持IC卡预购水,控制水泵启动、阀门开关,实现水量的自动计量、计费及报警提示等功能;系统自带GSM短信模块发送水站用水信息给管理系统,为用水的安全监控与调度奠定了基础。     

潜艇舱室封闭条件下火灾烟流特性瞬态分析

将场模拟计算模型引入到潜艇非规则舱室火灾的仿真计算研究中,并在分析潜艇非规则结构舱室几何特性对烟气运动影响的基础上,对不同火源功率条件下、火源处于封闭舱室横向中心位置时的烟流瞬态特性进行了三维分析,得到了轴对称火烟流的体积分数、温度分布和烟气层厚度等特性.最后,与相同条件下的近壁面火烟流特性进行对比,发现舱室横向中心位...     

提高新闻传播学青年教师教学水平及与学生沟通能力的研究

本文以提高新闻传播学青年教师教学水平及与学生沟通能力为研究对象,主要包括课堂教学、教材建设、媒体实践经验和培养沟通素质四个大环节。具体包括了解新闻传播学教师的特质,具有政治家的热情与眼光;实施课程负责人制度,加强教学基本功训练;组织青年教师讲课比赛、课堂教学专题报告,编写高质量的教材;增加青年教师在媒体挂职锻炼、新闻实习或做一些兼职工作,增长媒体从业经验;构建师生立体多维的沟通模式,培养青年教师与学生沟通素质等。     

狭长密闭空间油气爆炸燃烧数值研究

基于不同控制机理制约不同反应步骤的分步反应燃烧机理,建立了RNG k-ε湍流模型和层流有限速率/涡耗散燃烧模型直接耦合的燃烧模型,采用TVD有限体积法,对充满等体积油气预混气的狭长密闭空间油气爆炸燃烧发生与发展过程进行了数值模拟.为了验证模型的正确性,根据计算结果分析了爆炸流场出现的火焰、压力波和化学反应等特征.所得计...