应用改进的LP算法构建虚拟阵的精确定向方法

为了克服传统LP(Linear Predecition)算法在构建虚拟阵过程中存在预测误差容易累积的弊端,提出了一种能够更充分利用实阵信息量的改进LP算法来构建虚拟阵。采用实际基阵方法、传统LP虚拟阵方法和改进LP虚拟阵方法分别对假定基阵的波束性能进行计算机仿真及对湖试数据进行处理成像,研究结果表明,与传统LP方法相比,改进的LP方法能够有效地抑制波束旁瓣,进一步提高了基阵的角度分辨力和阵增益,将其运用于特定试验背景下的实际湖底目标探测,方向分辨精度可提高75%。     

动态滑翔动力学建模与风梯度能量获取*(专题约稿)

信天翁等鸟类能够不拍打翅膀而持续飞行很长的时间和距离,因为梯度风场的存在使得它们能从中获取能量,这项技术被称之为动态滑翔。临近空间也广泛存在梯度风场,如果临近空间长航时飞行器能够利用动态滑翔技术将是十分有前途的。本文首先对无动力飞机的动态滑翔问题做了假设来简化问题的描述,更便于数学操作。在这些假设下建立了无动力飞机动态滑翔的动力学模型,即三维速度空间中只有一个输入变量的常微分方程组。之后,从理论上得到了这个三维速度空间中机械能可以增加的最大范围,即能增纺锤体内部,并推导出最大的机械能增加率。最后,得出更大的风梯度、更小的阻力系数和更小的面质比更加有利于飞机获取能量的结论,该结论加深了对动态滑翔能量观点的认识,对实践有指导意义。     

基于混合矩的多输出模型确认指标研究

针对随机不确定性条件下多输出计算模型与物理实验数据之间一致性难以量化度量这一问题,本文提出一组新的基于混合矩的多输出模型确认指标。在不确定情况下,同时考虑到多维输出之间的相关关系和单输出的均值,构建了由多输出数学期望列阵和协方差矩阵组成的多输出模型确认局部混合矩指标和全局混合矩指标。其中局部混合矩指标包括绝对指标(LA-3M)和相对指标(LR-3M),它们适合固定位置的多输出局部模型确认;全局混合矩指标也包括绝对指标(GA-3M)和相对指标(GR-3M),它们适合多点位置的多输出全局模型确认。通过数字算例和工程算例,并与PIT和t-pooling 面积指标进行对比,结果表明本文所提指标可行有效,能够方便地度量计算模型和物理实验之间的差异程度。     

基于改进GM(1,1)模型的导弹贮存可靠性预测方法

针对导弹系统技术复杂、贮存样本量受限、测试数据波动性较大等特点,结合装备的具体情况提出了基于改进GM(1,1)模型的导弹贮存可靠性预测方法。该方法首先利用"对数-幂函数变换"对导弹的历史可靠性数据进行处理,提高数据光滑度,然后依据GM(1,1)模型计算得到可靠性预测值和残差,再利用残差建立残差修正模型,得到残差修正值,减少残差对结果的影响,最后利用残差修正值修正可靠性预测值并还原,求得可靠性最终预测值。实例表明,该改进模型对导弹系统可靠性变化的描述比传统模型更加准确有效,预测结果精度更高,为导弹贮存可靠性预测分析提供了一种有效的改进方法,其算法设计推广性强,可作为其他装备寿命预估的重要工具。     

基于小弹性模量法的空间飞网构型优化设计

飞网构型设计对提高空间飞网系统的展开抓捕性能具有重要意义。用小弹性模量分析方法对空间飞网构型优化设计问题进行了研究。以绳网中内力分布均衡性为优化目标,选取飞网抛射过程中最大受力时刻为研究工况,赋予绳索单元极小弹性模量,进行静力学计算,并以变形后的结果为初始条件进行迭代分析。优化结果表明,绳网中的内力分布随迭代步数的增加而更趋于均匀。在不改变绳网拓扑结构的前提下,本文所建立的优化设计方法为空间飞网构型优化设计提供了一种参考途径。     

考虑浮绳联结的双无人船艇系统协同控制策略研究

针对青岛等海域浒苔泛滥成灾的问题,开展了由浮绳柔性连接两艘水面无人船艇构成的双无人船艇系统协同控制策略研究,通过双无人船艇系统清扫浒苔,并将其拖运至海岸.考虑系统中的无人船艇动力、浮绳力矩和水流产生的干扰力矩,建立了欠驱动无人船艇三自由度动力学模型,提出了基于距离的包含编队和跟踪两个模式的协同控制策略.双无人船艇系统作...     

Defence R&D expenditure: The crowding-out hypothesis

The impact of defence expenditure on the economy has been widely studied through different types of models. However, the results from these studies have not reached definitive conclusions, and have left a gap in the analysis of the impact of defence R&D expenditure at the economy level. Defence R&D has specific characteristics, which lead to market failures: public good, high risk and uncertainty, national security. Also, defence R&D creates two types of externalities: negative (crowding-out), and positive (spin-off). Crowding-out is the major economic debate about defence R&D. This paper analyses the crowding-out hypothesis by applying three types of models for the UK case: supply, demand, and demand-supply models. From these three models the most reliable is chosen and applied to the individual cases of France, Germany, Japan and USA. The paper also reports the results for the pooled data of these five countries, and for four error component models. The results from estimating such models shed light on the defence R&D crowding-out hypothesis.     

The Demand for Turkish Defence Expenditure

Although a number of studies concerning Turkish defence-growth relation have been published in recent years, little attention is given the demand for Turkish defence expenditure. This is an important issue for understanding which variables contribute to the determination of the demand for military expenditure. However, it is difficult to develop a general theory or a standard empirical approach for the determination of the demand military expenditure. This study models and estimates the demand for Turkish defence expenditure for the period 1951-1998 using autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration (ARDL) following the methodology outlined in Pesaran and Shin (1999). This procedure can be applied regardless of the stationary properties of the variables in the sample and allows for inferences on long-run estimates, which is not possible under alternative cointegration procedures. The findings suggest that Turkish defence spending is determined by NATO's defence spending, Greece's defence spending and some security considerations.     

Military expenditure and economic growth: peru 1970–1996

The present study examines the effects of military expenditure on growth in Peru in the period from 1970 to 1996. By using a Deger‐type Simultaneous Equations Model it is possible to break up the net effect into supply‐ and demand‐side influences. The former consist of positive externalities of defence activities on the other sectors of the economy, while the latter can be described as crowding‐out of civilian investment. Estimations find the supply‐side effects to be insignificantly different from zero, while the crowding‐out effect of defence spending is significant and substantial. It is thereby established that defence expenditure has a negative overall effect on economic growth in Peru. Although several caveats – including specification problems of the Deger model, the quality of the data used, a relatively small sample and the presence of autocorrelation in the estimations – must be considered, these results turn out to be quite robust with respect to estimation methods (3SLS, 2SLS, OLS) and slight modifications to the model. They are also consistent with previous empirical findings from other countries and cross sectional studies.     

Counterterrorism And Its Impact On Terror Support And Recruitment: Accounting For Backlash

This article presents a dynamic model in which counterterrorism policies have the potential to generate positive public support for terrorism via a backlash that may fuel terror recruitment. For an optimizing government aiming at maximizing security, this phenomenon produces a natural bound on proactive counterterror policy that is related to the dynamic path of conflict. Moreover, terror is a persistent phenomenon that requires patience on the part of the target government for optimal counterterror policies to be realized. Finally, the potential for backlash yields insights into the need for target governments to fight an information war to change public opinion regarding its own policies and the ultimate effect of terror attacks.