A misclassification cost‐minimizing evolutionary–neural classification approach

Machine learning algorithms that incorporate misclassification costs have recently received considerable attention. In this paper, we use the principles of evolution to develop and test an evolutionary/genetic algorithm (GA)‐based neural approach that incorporates asymmetric Type I and Type II error costs. Using simulated, real‐world medical and financial data sets, we compare the results of the proposed approach with other statistical, mathematical, and machine learning approaches, which include statistical linear discriminant analysis, back‐propagation artificial neural network, integrated cost preference‐based linear mathematical programming‐based minimize squared deviations, linear integrated cost preference‐based GA, decision trees (C 5.0, and CART), and inexpensive classification with expensive tests algorithm. Our results indicate that the proposed approach incorporating asymmetric error costs results in equal or lower holdout sample misclassification cost when compared with the other statistical, mathematical, and machine learning misclassification cost‐minimizing approaches. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.     

质量功能展开与多约束条件下的概念设计

针对产品在设计时需要大量的资源,研究了资源的投入影响顾客满意度的问题.提出了质量功能展开与多约束条件相结合进行概念设计的方法.利用质量功能展开的基本原理,通过引进设计属性的实际可达水平和计划可达水平,给出了设计资源约束条件下的优化模型.最后以火控雷达的概念设计为例,以研制费用和研制进度为约束条件建立模型,计算说明此模型是有效的.     

寿命周期费用估算中的敏感度分析

针对寿命周期费用估算和分析时存在的费用不确定性,需要对关键参数进行敏感度分析,否则会影响到结果的正确性.通过分析引起费用不确定性的因素,阐述了敏感度分析的内涵和分析步聚.为了验证该方法,举出示例加以说明.认为:敏感度分析的费用估算与分析中的运用,将对合理决策产生重要作用.     

基于灰色神经网络武器装备研制费用预测模型

提出了基于灰色系统理论与神经网络的武器装备研制费用组合预测模型,该模型首先采用灰色GM(0,N)模型对研制费用进行预测,利用LMBP神经网络对预测误差进行了模拟与修正,实例验证该方法具有较高的预测精度.     

LRE试车数据挖掘中基于最大散度差的模糊聚类分析方法

在对液体火箭发动机试车数据进行聚类分析时,为解决故障数据样本与正常样本类间差异不大的问题,引入最大散度差准则,提出基于最大散度差的聚类算法MSD-CA.该算法以散度度量样本间的相似性,使样本的类内散度最小化和类间散度最大化同时进行.在此基础上,应用模糊理论对最大散度差准则进行模糊化,提出基于最大散度差的模糊聚类算法MS...     

挣值管理在装备寿命周期费用控制中的应用

在阐述挣值法的概念以及评价指标体系的基础上,建立了挣值管理在装备寿命周期费用控制中的三维模型,并将进度维中的各个里程碑与寿命周期过程结合起来,应用作业成本法对各个里程碑计划价值进行求解,最后举例说明,挣值法能够对装备寿命周期费用进行有效的预测和控制。     

一种新的避免航迹合并的比例联合概率关联算法

通过对传统的联合概率数据关联算法(JPDA)在平行临近及小角度交叉目标的关联跟踪中引起的航迹合并问题的分析,提出了一种基于最大交互概率的改进比例联合概率数据关联算法.该算法找出距离两逼近目标的交互概率中心最近的有效观测,引入一比例因子对该观测与所有目标的关联概率进行修正,将逼近目标“拉开”,从而抑制了航迹的合并.仿真结...     

基于改进广义成本函数的可靠性分配优化

可靠性分配优化问题的难点在于影响分配的各类因素与可靠性指标间关系的描述与表达.从可靠性成本与各类影响因素的内在关系人手,通过改进广义成本函数进行各类影响因素的融合处理,构建得出新的可靠性分配优化模型实现可靠性指标的综合求解.     

Book reviews

The Political Economy of Military Spending in the United States, Alex Mintz (ed), London and New York: Routledge, 1992, pp x, 334; ISBN 0–415–07595–5

Penser La Guerre, Penser L'Economie, Christian Schmidt, (Paris: Odile Jacob, 1991), 350p.

Military Production and Innovation in Spain, Jordi Molas‐Gallart, Chur (CH): Harwood Academic Publishers, 1992, pp. vii, 212; ISBN 3–7186–5280–3     

Country survey VIII: Federal republic of Yugoslavia

This survey article focuses on defence economics issues and provides data and analysis on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's (FRY) defence policy, defence spending, the size of its armed forces, its defence industries and the cost of the civil war. The main section is devoted to the period from 1990 to the present and deals with the following aspects: the situation after the break‐up of the former Yugoslavia, general economic data; the cost of the civil war, the defence budget; the armed forces; the manufacture of armaments and the structure of the defence industry.