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101.
微光夜瞄训练装置可以监控射手的操作,对射手搜索、识别和瞄准目标的能力进行考核,完成射击教范中所列的夜间训练内容.该装置已通过技术鉴定,将作为制式夜间训练器材推广应用.本文介绍了该装置的功能、工作原理、精度和使用特点. 相似文献
102.
How much mileage can we get out of prospect theory to explain foreign policy decision-making? To answer this question, we first argue that risk as outcome uncertainty is the appropriate definition in prospect-theoretical applications. Then, we indicate that probability weighting—a crucial component of prospect theory—is typically ignored in such applications. We argue why this is problematic and suggest how to move forward. Next, we discuss how to establish the reference point in the face of outcomes in multiple dimensions, as is typically the case in foreign policy decision-making. Finally, we discuss what we have learnt regarding prospect theory’s scope conditions and the differences across individuals in the theory’s applicability. Overall, our contribution lies in identifying several underexposed or neglected issues (e.g., the definition of risk and probability weighting), in examining the advancements regarding prospect theory’s scope conditions, and in discussing avenues for further research. 相似文献
103.
We propose a novel simulation‐based approach for solving two‐stage stochastic programs with recourse and endogenous (decision dependent) uncertainty. The proposed augmented nested sampling approach recasts the stochastic optimization problem as a simulation problem by treating the decision variables as random. The optimal decision is obtained via the mode of the augmented probability model. We illustrate our methodology on a newsvendor problem with stock‐dependent uncertain demand both in single and multi‐item (news‐stand) cases. We provide performance comparisons with Markov chain Monte Carlo and traditional Monte Carlo simulation‐based optimization schemes. Finally, we conclude with directions for future research. 相似文献
104.
为支持军事通信业务的智能化,研究了军事通信业务上下文信息的表示和推理,提出了一种表示业务上下文信息的语法结构、语义以及上下文元信息的本体建模方法。并利用贝叶斯网络理论,提出了一种支持不确定性推理的业务上下文认知模型的构建方法,最后通过案例分析验证了模型和结论的合理性。 相似文献
105.
106.
针对现代防空作战环境包含大量不确定性因素的特点,运用地面防空兵战术学、不确定性信息理论和未确知数学理论,探讨地面防空兵力配置的不确定性作战效能问题。设计了能同时处理随机信息、未确知信息的不确定性模型,该模型以指挥员对敌机进袭的主要方向、临空投弹线、投射精确制导炸弹的位置和巡航导弹的进袭航线的主观判断,并以随机变量、未确知有理数的形式作为输入,经未确知期望的计算,得到反映守点、控线、前出战法兵力配置的作战效能值及其可信度。结合一实例进行分析和计算,显示该模型较为贴近实际,体现了从定性到定量分析的系统工程方法的特点。 相似文献
107.
A well‐studied problem in airline revenue management is the optimal allocation of seat inventory among different fare‐classes, given a capacity for the flight and a demand distribution for each class. In practice, capacity on a flight does not have to be fixed; airlines can exercise some flexibility on the supply side by swapping aircraft of different capacities between flights as partial booking information is gathered. This provides the airline with the capability to more effectively match their supply and demand. In this paper, we study the seat inventory control problem considering the aircraft swapping option. For theoretical and practical purposes, we restrict our attention to the class of booking limit policies. Our analytical results demonstrate that booking limits considering the swapping option can be considerably different from those under fixed capacity. We also show that principles on the relationship between the optimal booking limits and demand characteristics (size and risk) developed for the fixed‐capacity problem no longer hold when swapping is an option. We develop new principles and insights on how demand characteristics affect the optimal booking limits under the swapping possibility. We also develop an easy to implement heuristic for determining the booking limits under the swapping option and show, through a numerical study, that the heuristic generates revenues close to those under the optimal booking limits. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011 相似文献
108.
We revisit the capacity investment decision problem studied in the article “Resource Flexibility with Responsive Pricing” by Chod and Rudi [Operations Research 53, (2005) 532–548]. A monopolist firm producing two dependent (substitutable or complementary) products needs to determine the capacity of one flexible resource under demand risk so as to maximize its expected profit. Product demands are linear functions of the prices of both products, and the market potentials are random and correlated. We perform a comparative statics analysis on how demand variability and correlation impact the optimal capacity and the resulting expected profit. In particular, C&R study this problem under the following assumptions/approximations: (i) demand intercepts follow a bivariate Normal distribution; (ii) demand uncertainty is of an additive form; (iii) and under approximate expressions for the optimal capacity and optimal expected profit. We revisit Propositions 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 of C&R without these assumptions and approximations, and show that these results continue to hold (i) for the exact expressions for the optimal expected profit and optimal capacity, and (ii) under any arbitrary continuous distribution of demand intercepts. However, we also show that the additive demand uncertainty is a critical assumption for the C&R results to hold. In particular, we provide a case of multiplicative uncertainty under which the C&R results (Propositions 2 and 3) fail. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2010 相似文献
109.
Xianpei Hong;Ying-Ju Chen;Yeming Gong;Hua Wang; 《海军后勤学研究》2024,71(2):286-317
While the previous literature on green technology adoption has not fully considered information sharing, we consider the impact of demand information sharing on the adoption of green technologies by risk-averse farmers in a vertical agricultural supply chain. We find that government subsidies and information sharing do not always promote farmers' adoption of green technologies. The accuracy of the information plays a vital role in promoting farmers' adoption of green technologies; however, the increased green technology adoption induced by more accurate information may be detrimental to farmer welfare in the presence of production diseconomies. Information sharing can reduce the amount of government subsidies for promoting green technology adoption, thereby suggesting the substitutable role of information and monetary instruments. Nonetheless, information-sharing may lead to lower water savings and thus should be adopted with caution. Risk aversion has a nontrivial impact on agricultural technology adoption: farmers are more likely to adopt traditional agricultural technologies when their risk aversion is either very low or very high. Finally, we validate our decision model with U.S. Department of Agriculture cotton production data and propose management insights to help farmers make appropriate adoption decisions under information asymmetry and risk-averse attitudes. 相似文献
110.
舰艇采用实测舰位法对岸上不可见目标进行远程攻击时,在已获取目标地理信息的情况下,我舰定位误差往往成为影响打击精度的关键因素。针对惯性导航长时间工作产生积累误差,以及卫星导航在战时易受干扰等情况,提出利用对单发弹丸的跟踪与预测,结合提取的岸上目标绝对定位数据和弹丸落点的偏差信息,反向推算发射舰相对岸上目标的位置,可较为精确地修正我舰的绝对定位数据,为后续射击提供修正手段。该方法减少了战时舰炮武器系统对导航的依赖,仅靠对单发弹丸跟踪和预测,即可提高后续对岸射击的精度。 相似文献