基于SWOT分析的军队审计容错免责机制完善路径研究

军队审计容错免责机制是在审计权限范围内对符合容错免责情形的事由减轻或免于问责并及时纠正的稳定工作机制,是审计问责态势下应对“为官不为”问题的合理路径。本文基于SWOT法分析认为,当前审计环境下建立军队审计容错免责机制的优势在于独立的经济监督地位、专业的经济监督力量和广泛的经济监督对象,劣势在于单一的认定主体、缺失的法律规范和匮乏的免责素质,机遇在于利好政策的出台、国家审计的实践经验和军队审计的职能定位,威胁在于制度规范笼统、审计风险扩大和资源矛盾加剧。在此基础上,本研究基于W-T（劣势-威胁）的战略选择,提出完善军队审计容错免责机制的现实路径,即：明确机制定位,科学界定边界;完善制度规范,形成法律依据;完备容错清单,转变审计模式;优化容错环境,降低容错风险。     

Fracture mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut by circumferential detonation collision

The failure mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut into fragments by circumferential detonation collision was experimentally and numerically investigated. A self-designed detonation wave regulator was used to control the detonation and cut the shell. It was found that the self-designed regulator controlled the fragment shape. The macrostructure and micro-characteristics of fragments revealed that shear fracture was a prior mechanism, the shell fractured not only at the position of detonation collision, but the crack also penetrated the shell at the first contact position of the Chapmen-Jouguet (C-J) wave. The effects of groove number and outer layer thickness on the fracture behavior were tested by simulations. When the thickness of the outer layer was 5–18 mm, it has little effect on fragmentation of the shell, and shells all fractured at similar positions. The increase of the groove number reduced the fracture possibility of the first contact position of the C-J wave. When the groove number reached 7 with a 10 mm outer layer (1/4 model), the fracture only occurred at the position of detonation collision and the fragment width rebounded.     

Hypersonic impact flash characteristics of a long-rod projectile collision with a thin plate target

Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclear.A series of impact flash experiments of flat-head long-rod projectiles impacting thin target plates were performed with a two-stage light gas gun.The impact flash spectra for 6061 aluminum at 1.3-3.2 km/s collision speeds were recorded with a high-speed camera,a photoelectric sensor,and a time-resolved spectrometer.The intensity of the impact flash exhibited a pulse charac-teristic with time.The intensity(I)increased with impact velocity(V0)according to I∝Vn0,where n = 4.41 for V0 ＞ 2 km/s.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,n = 2.21,and the intense flash duration is an order of magnitude less than that of higher V0.When V0 ＞ 2 km/s,a continuous spectrum(thermal radiation background)was observed and increased in intensity with V0.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,only atomic line spectra were detected.There was no aluminum spectral lines for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,which indicated that it had not been vaporized.The initial intense flash was emission from excited and ionized ambient gases near the impact surface,and had little relationship with shock temperature rise,indicating a new mechanism of impact flash.     

引信与武器系统的适配性分析

引信是弹药武器系统的重要子系统,引信只有与其它子系统多方面适配,才能充分发挥武器系统的效能。通过分析引信与武器系统中其它子系统之间在任务与功能、信息的利用与传输、能源、材料与结构等方面的适配关系,提出了设计中引信与战斗部、火控、制导等子系统间的适配关系,并采用适配性方法设计引信。     

基于有限元-刚体混合模型的运载火箭缓释放特性分析

以一种新提出的新型强制式牵制释放系统为例,建立了分析运载火箭缓释放过程中缓释特性的有限元—刚体混合模型。采用刚体模型计算运载火箭的运动,利用有限元方法计算缓释销的弹塑性大变形接触过程,缓释机构和运载火箭的界面满足力和位移的协调条件。该混合模型采用增量方法进行求解,其可用来分析缓释机构的不同材料、几何形状、尺寸以及摩擦条件对运载火箭的完全释放时间、释放时刻速度以及缓释机构消耗功等参数的影响。     

超远程火炮安全装药多指标优化分析

通过计算分别建立了超远程火炮全装药和小号装药内弹道多目标(指标)优化模型,采用基于空间测度为标准的TOPSIS方法对方案进行了综合优化、排序,从而获得确保发射安全的满意装药方案。计算实例表明:TOPSIS方法是一种解多指标优化问题的有效方法,多指标优化模型可作为内弹道设计方案优化工具。     

高电阻率地域电气接地系统综合方案

电气接地是保障电气系统正常运行和设备安全的重要措施。在高电阻率地域,将接地电阻降到设计值非常困难。论述了综合利用构筑物的导电结构、新型人工接地材料,通过接地系统的总体优化,在减小接地电阻的同时,降低接地系统造价。还重点探讨了地下指挥工程接地系统的设计问题。为接地系统优化设计和工程应用提供借鉴。     

面向概念设计的虚拟原型描述模型与语言

针对概念设计的特点以及虚拟原型的特征分类 ,提出了基于虚拟原型的概念设计模型V -desModel及其描述语言VPML ,其核心是利用产品视图模型描述设计对象 ,将虚拟特征概念融入视图模型中 ,并采用可扩展“三维实体 -约束图”描述设计对象之间的约束关系。V -desModel模型和VPML语言能有效地支持基于虚拟原型的概念设计过程 ,较好地解决了概念设计中产品虚拟原型的逼真性要求和设计信息不完备之间的矛盾 ,为多领域系统在概念设计阶段的协同设计、并行设计及联合仿真过程提供一致的模型描述     

战车火控外弹道实时解算的研究

论证了战车火控系统弹道实时解算技术的现状和发展 ,提出了现代火控弹道问题实时解算的新的数学模型。这一先进的弹道解算设计方法 ,适应于计算机运算速度已大幅提高的技术水平 ,具有高度通用化的特点 ,并且使弹道问题的解算可以完全脱离射表进行     

基于遗传算法的通信网络可靠性优化设计

在可靠性条件约束下 ,使网络成本最低是网络规划NP hard问题 .文章提出一种基于遗传算法的优化方法解决了这类问题 .仿真结果表明这种算法是有效的 .