A best practice for assessment in counterinsurgency

In September 2011, the Commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan directed the Afghan Assessment Group to redesign the way in which ISAF was assessing the status of the war, and to be ‘revolutionary’ in so doing. The resulting assessment paradigm was novel, non-doctrinal, and effectively addressed the unique complexities of the counterinsurgency in Afghanistan and the needs of the ISAF Commander. It had a two-tier structure consisting of both strategic and campaign assessments. The former focused on answering a set of strategic questions in narrative, analytic form to address the strategic environment, while the latter used a set of standards and accompanying narrative responses to gauge accomplishment of campaign tasks. Both tiers captured the current state of the war while maintaining an eye on future challenges and opportunities. The two assessments and their associated processes were designed to stimulate discussions leading directly to decisions by senior leaders on actions they could take, direct, or request. While any assessment paradigm will have advantages and disadvantages, an examination of the pros and cons of this assessment paradigm makes clear that it should be considered a ‘best practice’ in the field of counterinsurgency assessment.     

Enmeshed in insurgency: Britain's protracted retreats from Iraq and Afghanistan

Ten years of counterinsurgency in Iraq and Afghanistan have produced little in Britain's national interest. This article examines the political objectives set in these wars and the reasons why they have proved elusive. The core foreign policy aim was to sustain Britain's position as a great power by assuming responsibility for global order. Alliances with the United States and NATO would be the diplomatic tool for pursuing this aim. These alliances brought obligations, in the shape of agreed common threats. Rogue regimes with weapons of mass destruction and international terrorists harboured in failed states were deemed the primary threats to British security. Military means were therefore used in Iraq and Afghanistan to attack them. Whether Tony Blair's vision of global order ever made sense is debatable, and it attracted scepticism from the outset. The article argues experience in Iraq and Afghanistan showed that a strategy to eliminate terrorism (the WMD threat turned out never to have existed) by expeditionary counterinsurgency could only fail. Therefore the attention lavished on operational-level performance by most studies is misplaced, because no amount of warfighting excellence could make up for strategic incoherence. Finally, the article proposes the more important question arising from the last ten years is why the UK pursued a futile strategy for so long. The difficulties associated with interpreting events, a malfunctioning strategic apparatus, weak political oversight, and bureaucratic self-interest are posited as the most significant explanations.     

基于虚拟现实技术的手榴弹投掷安全施训研究

分析了目前手榴弹投掷训练存在的一些问题和研究方法,模拟仿真了基于虚拟现实技术、N-vision平台、3dsMax以及JACK建立的手榴弹实弹投掷场景,再现优秀训练者的技术动作和细微环节、教练员的意图,采用交互漫游,增强了沉浸感,从而提高训练质量,降低安全隐患风险。     

武器系统虚拟样机技术研究

虚拟样机技术是一种新型的基于集成化产品和过程开发策略的新的产品设计、开发和评估手段。本文介绍了武器系统虚拟样机的概念及其与武器装备论证的关系，在此基础上，深入探讨了虚拟样机环境的主要研究内容和所涉及的若干关键技术，最后对虚拟样机技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

虚拟实体对象的行为建模方法研究

虚拟实体对象的行为建模方法已成为虚拟现实技术的研究热点之一。本文总结了前人在行为建模方面的成就，分析了其中存在的问题，并在此基础上提出了一种新的适于虚拟现实开发平台的虚拟实体对象行为模型SCP模型，并对这种行为模型的基本理论和应用界面进行了详细阐述。SCP模型以控制论为基础，适用领域广，表达能力强，适合并发实现，且易于重用已有的行为建模成果。     

虚拟加工过程的建模与仿真

提出并建立了虚拟加工过程来对实际加工状况进行仿真，从而在零件正式生产之前就能预见和评估其加工过程中可能出现的问题，并加以解决。文中还介绍了虚拟加工过程的结构、建模技术和仿真过程。     

快擦写存储器结构及机理

讨论了快擦写存储器典型位元结构及其存储信息原理，详细论述了目前广泛使用的或非和与非两种结构的快擦写存储矩阵的结构组成和工作原理。     

动态的主动复制协议的研究与设计

从软件容错的角度出发 ,将组通信技术引入到主动复制技术中 ,以组通信中的虚拟同步机制为基础 ,提出一个新的基于协调者的主动复制协议。该协议保证 ,当协调者进程发生失效时 ,能够动态地选择一个新的协调者 ,并保证所有副本进程的状态是一致的 ;且该协议具有响应时间短、效率高等优点。     

关于布朗运动“记忆”效应的一个模型

布朗运动能够概括一大类物理现象,因此一直受到人们的重视。近年来,计算机模拟和实验的结果都表明,布朗运动具有“记忆”效应。本文试图对布朗运动“记忆”效应构造一个模型。在稳定情况下计算结果表明,微粒位移涨落的二次矩仍与时间间隔t成正比,“记忆”效应表现为流体的粘滞性加大。     

软件固化卡的设计与实现

本文叙述了软件固化卡的设计过程,给出硬件电路,详细介绍了支持软件的设计方法,最后讨论了软件固化卡的应用前景。