A novel variable topology design for a multi-flexible ejection mechanism

The airborne missile launch mechanism often subjects to significant deformations induced by the large ejection force during high-speed actuations in missile ejection process, leading to a substantial deviation of separation parameters from designed values that threats safety of the carrier. This study proposes a novel variable topology design for launch mechanism, achieved via a Prismatic-Revolute-Revolute pair (PR-R) motion formed by the structural gap with a specific direction. It enables launch mechanism variability during missile ejection process and optimizes the ejection force given by the front and back ejection arms, and greatly optimizes the separation parameters during missile ejection. The kinetics simulation analysis is conducted under working conditions of the original ejection mechanism and the novel mechanism with variable topology design, respectively. The results show that the novel variable topology design is more befitting for the launch process in terms of system safety and controllability, effectively improving the separation posture, restraining the flexible effect of the mechanism, and fulfilling the effectiveness of the design value of multi-rigid body.     

基于MC-CNN网络的磁性舰船目标运动参数估计

传统磁性目标运动估计效果依赖于目标的初始状态信息,为克服这一缺陷,建立了磁性运动目标三分量投影模型,并据此生成了磁性舰船运动目标在运动速度、航向、信噪比等参数变化情况下的10类目标的训练数据集、验证数据集以及测试数据集。进一步,设计了多通道卷积神经网络（MC-CNN）对目标的正横距离和运动速度进行了估计,并比较和分析了不同的学习方式和激活函数对网络性能的影响,结果表明Adam+tanh的组合方式的估计性能要优于其它的组合方式,而且对磁性目标运动参数的估计效果比较精确,此方法相较于卡尔曼滤波、粒子滤波等估计算法的优越性在于运算复杂度低以及参数估计不需要目标初始状态信息。     

Democratic control of Romanian intelligence after three decades: quis custodiet ipsos custodes?

ABSTRACT

Romania faced one of the most dramatic transitions from authoritarian communism to become a democracy and a member of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). The backbone of building a democratic society has been civilian control of the military. This article briefly describes the norms and institutions of democratic control of the intelligence services in Romania and assesses how the mechanisms of democratic control have worked in practice after almost three decades of reform. We argue that many of the post-1989 reforms have been only superficial implemented and monitored, particularly after Romania joined NATO and the EU. The article concludes that the democratic control of intelligence in Romania is an unfinished business. There are structural shortcomings embedded in the process of democracy consolidation that need to be addressed.     

Bringing Military Conduct out of the Shadow of Law: Towards a Holistic Understanding of Rules of Engagement

In this article, I outline a holistic approach to the military concept of “Rules of Engagement” (ROE), which complements the legal aspects of ROE with considerations of operational and political requirements for the use of military force. Drawing upon two illustrative cases from the US military experience with the use of ROE, I demonstrate that ROE for any particular military operation should be formulated to balance optimally, if not harmonize fully, the legal, operational and political concerns related to the use of force. In this task, political decision-makers and military practitioners alike are confronted with unavoidable and real-life dilemmas. How these dilemmas are handled has significant implications for how legal requirements concerning accountability and concerns for civilian lives in military combat can be preserved through ROE.     

Another manifestation of cyber conflict: attaining military objectives through cyber avenues of approach

Cyberspace is an avenue of approach through which a military force can attain objectives of value. Through these cyber avenues of approach, military forces can engage, vet, organize, and direct human agents to accomplish specific activities. Although the objectives of these activities could differ from traditional military objectives, they still have military relevance. This particular manifestation of cyber conflict is neither a new domain of war nor something outside of warfare. Rather, it can be viewed as an emerging avenue of approach in the larger context of military operations, auguring benefits in the integration of cyber activities with operations.     

军事安全视角下的军队翻译能力建设

军队翻译能力是军队外语能力的组成部分。军队翻译能力的理论框架包含构成要素、存在形式和转换机制三个组成部分。新的安全形势对我军的翻译保障在广度和深度上都有了新的要求,而军队翻译能力供给相对不足。需要对军队翻译能力进行规划,加强翻译人力资源的储备与管理,提升翻译保障信息化水平。     

信息化条件下基于大数据的后装一体化保障构想

由于契约的不完全性、专用性资产的存在,导致民企参军的谈判过程中,一方可能利用另一方因专用性资产投资的锁定效应,而采取机会主义行为将另一方套牢,攫取可占用专用性准租金。这种套牢风险不是单向的,而是双向的,双向套牢风险的存在不仅会降低军品科研生产项目建设质量,而且还会严重挫伤民营企业承担军品科研生产任务的积极性。为有效防范双向套牢风险,本文将从博弈论的角度,建立民营企业与军队采办部门的期望收益与专用性资产投资的函数关系和博弈矩阵,分阶段讨论民营企业与军队采办部门所面临的套牢风险大小及各自的最佳行为选择。以降低民企参军面临的套牢风险,引导更多优势民营企业进入军品科研生产与维修领域,推动军民融合的深度发展。     

军民融合背景下军工企业多元化发展战略研究

冷战结束后,欧美多数军工企业在军转民的过程中采取多元化的经营战略,壮大企业规模并寻求进一步的发展。随着我国军民融合战略的深入实施,军工企业不再是封闭独立的单一军品生产基地,而是顺时应势逐步实现军品和民品同步多元化发展的战略转型。通过分析我国军工企业军转民的历史进程与国际经验,结合多元化战略的特点,考察军工企业在军转民过程中实施多元化战略的动因,构建军工企业多元化战略的选择函数。本文认为,军工企业选择多元化战略应考虑企业自身实际情况,积极响应国家政策,培育核心竞争力;同时,军转民过程作为军民融合深度发展的重要一环,会促使军工企业往多元化的方向发展,而多元化战略的实施也会加快军民融合深度发展的进程。     

复合固体推进剂等效力学性能VCFEM细观预示方法

根据固体推进剂的细观结构特征,采用等圆最优装载方式生成代表性体积单元(Representative Volume Element,RVE)模型,并结合Voronoi单元有限元方法(Voronoi Cell Finite Element Method,VCFEM)和均匀化方法,发展了一种可预示固体推进剂等效力学性能的数值分析方法,从而得到体分比和组分材料对等效模量和等效泊松比的影响规律。为证明该方法的有效性,设计一个对称数值模型,通过对该方法和传统有限元方法的节点位移结果的比较,发现两者之间的相对误差小于5%,且VCFEM用少量单元就完成了分析,提高了计算效率。通过对不同细观结构下推进剂RVE模型的计算,发现随着夹杂体分比的增大,夹杂的颗粒增强效应越明显,基体材料的变化比夹杂材料对等效力学性能有着更加显著的影响。     

采用PWPF调节器的再入飞行器最优控制分配方法

针对具有反作用控制系统(Reaction Control System,RCS)和气动舵两类控制机构的再入飞行器,提出一种基于脉宽脉频(Pulse-Width Pulse-Frequency,PWPF)调节器的最优控制分配方法。将RCS的输入信号转化为连续变化量,RCS与气动舵的控制分配问题被描述为二次规划问题,并采用有效集方法对其求解。采用离散法和PWPF调节器将优化结果转化为RCS的开关机状态。与混合整数规划问题相比,连续二次规划问题更容易求解,计算速度更快。通过对二次规划问题的重构,该算法能有效地应对故障情况。