Country survey XII: South Africa

This article examines the relationship between defence expenditure and economic performance in South Africa, both prior to and after that country's first fully democratic election in 1994. Prior to 1994 defence expenditure decisions were largely dominated by non‐economic factors; since then defence spending has declined in reaction to, inter alia, the need to address a number of socio‐economic inequities.

After 1975 in particular, military industrialisation in South Africa placed a disproportionately high burden on the country's industrial resources and natural economic and technical capabilities. However, although this suggests that the opportunity cost of domestic arms production has been fairly high, the country's poor economic and development performance since the mid‐1970s is a function of underlying structural deficiencies and institutional constraints rather than the consequence of inordinately high defence spending levels.     

An informal framework to aid the analysis and design of military posture

The design of military posture is an exercise in confronting potential enemies’ capabilities within the context of geographic, technological, temporal, political and economic constraints. No formal model is capable of encapsulating the essentials of so complex an environment for closed or simulated analysis, but it is useful to have an informal framework within which to reason interactively within these dimensions.

This paper presents such a scaffolding, patterned on the notion of a military posture as the output of an economic process whose structure reflects important determinants of the characteristics and extents of weaponry and expenditures that are appropriate to the environment within the feasibility set determined by the constraints. The analysis remains at an abstract level, but it does highlight the important shifts toward preparation for littoral warfare, greater reliance on reserve rather than active forces, and necessary changes in missions among military departments.     

浅谈云计算在公安警卫信息化工作中的应用与发展前景

随着公安警卫部队信息化建设的全面高速发展,云计算技术将更多地应用于警卫信息化建设。展望云计算在警卫信息化建设中的应用前景,分析当前警卫信息化建设中运用云计算技术所面临的问题及对策。     

中学生数学教学中问题意识的培养途径探析

问题意识是人们对客观事物做出自觉反映的心理过程,对提高中学生数学教学课堂效果具有积极的意义。本文首先指出了数学教学中学生问题意识的培养意义,在深入分析存在的问题的基础上,重点提出了中学生数学教学问题意识培养的多种途径:教师要秉持积极的鼓励姿态,让学生敢问;创设良好的问题环境,让学生爱问;提供合适的思考时空,让学生能问;把握必要的"五度六要",让学生会问。     

新疆少数民族教育政策的发展历程研究

新中国成立以来,党和国家采取了一系列特殊政策和措施,促进民族教育事业快速发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就,为各少数民族培养了数以百万计的各级各类专业人才。本文对新中国成立以来的新疆少数民族教育政策作了分阶段的梳理,总结了民族教育政策的发展变化及特点,并结合当前民族教育政策存在的问题,提出了完善新疆少数民族教育政策的对策建议。     

践行科学发展观，促进高校教学科研协调发展

科学发展观提出,要全面协调可持续发展。教学、科研作为高校的两大基本职能,如何正确处理二者之间的关系,关系到学校的办学定位和办学质量。本文总结了目前高校教学与科研关系的状况,分析了二者之间产生矛盾的原因,提出了促进教学科研协调发展的对策建议。     

西北农村地区幼儿教育存在的主要问题及对策

西北地区自然环境恶劣,经济发展落后,严重制约了学前教育的发展。中央和地方政府对农村学前教育不够重视,财政投入城乡差距大,同时,农村幼儿园管理者学历不高,专业教师所占比例过小,教师社会地位低且生存压力大,呈流动性大特征。加之,西北农村幼儿教育小学化严重,家长重视幼儿的教育,但没有掌握科学、正确的教育幼儿的方法。此外,西北农村幼儿园硬件设施较差,很少有符合办园条件,存在较大安全隐患。     

学前儿童对情绪表达规则的认知发展

情绪表达规则是儿童社会化的结果,对儿童的情绪健康发展和社会交往产生着重委的澎响,本文考察了学前儿童情绪表达规则的概念、研究方法及国内外关于儿童情绪表达规认知能力发展的棚关姘究。结果表明,在对学前儿童情绪表达规则发展的年龄和性别差异上,目前研究结果存在较大分歧;家庭情绪环境对儿童情绪表达规则能力的发展存在显著影响;儿童的情绪表达规则能力与其社会能力存在正相关。     

手绘非规则军标图形的结构化识别方法

在基于草图的态势标绘系统中,线状和面状军标图形通常是依具体地形、战况、意图等标绘的,没有规则的形状,难以采用基于表观的方法进行识别。针对这类手绘非规则军标图形提出了一种结构化识别方法,基于非规则军标图形集的特点定义了9种图元和4种图元间空间结构关系,将图形表示为图元向量和图元结构关系矩阵,通过匹配图元向量和图元结构关系矩阵来识别图形类别,并估计未知图形与模板图形之间的图元对应关系。实验结果表明:本文方法能有效克服图形形状变化的影响,对手绘的常用非规则军标图形的类别和图元对应关系具有较高的识别正确率和识别速度。     

近程舰炮武器系统拦截高速目标发展研究

反舰导弹的超声速特性使得现役近程舰炮武器系统的反应时间严重不足,毁伤能力明显下降.针对高速目标,分析了目标对系统的随动性能需求,研究了系统情报处理、传感器捕获跟踪及火控解算等时间特征参数、及系统毁伤能力,并提出了解决问题的初步想法.分析结果表明,可以提高近程舰炮武器系统对超高声速目标的跟踪毁伤能力,实现对该类目标的有效拦截.