2017年上半年美国对外军贸概况

美国长期以来大量对外国进行武器出口,一方面获取巨额利润,另一方面借此影响相关地区的形势.2017年上半年,伴随着美国政府对外政策的调整,美国对外军事贸易也出现了一些变化,在对亚太地区、中东地区、欧洲地区和其他潜在热点地区的武器出口方面有着不同的表现.     

军用车辆采用锂电池驱动时电源管理控制系统的设计

军用车辆采用锂电池组作为动力源可有效解决排放问题,具有高机动性、隐蔽性、稳定性的特性,并能为未来的军用电磁火力平台配置创造条件。其中的电源管理系统关系到军用车辆的电源实施监测控制运行,系统工作效果决定了军用车辆使用的可靠性。通过对军用车辆动力锂电池组电源系统的优化设计,可使锂电池组电源管理控制系统的设计效率得到全面提升。在进行电源管理系统的初步设计过程中,通常需要采用多种不同的方式对其动力体系进行初步的评估。主要针对军用车辆动力锂电池组电源管理系统进行设计分析,并提出了相应的优化措施。     

美国陆军官方网站多模态话语分析与军队形象建构

本文以Kress、Van Leeuwen和 Painter等学者的视觉语法理论为基础,从再现意义、互动意义和构图意义三个方面对美国陆军官方网站“相册”栏目进行多模态话语分析,挖掘网页的符号资源,探寻多模态语篇生成意义、传递信息和构建形象的具体机制。在此基础上,借助Halliday、Hasan、Bateman和Bhatia等学者的多模态语类分析理论,探究模态间的互动关系,分析网页的整体设计、语类特点和宣传手段等。研究发现,该网站通过象征意义、情感互动和显著性差异等手段,影响读者对美军的认知,引导读者对美军产生积极联想,从而回避现实问题,为美军塑造正面形象。在深入发掘网页的交际目的、结构潜势和互动机制的基础上,搭建多模态语类分析框架,揭示军事网站设计和社会文化背景的复杂关系,助力军队形象建设。     

Another manifestation of cyber conflict: attaining military objectives through cyber avenues of approach

Cyberspace is an avenue of approach through which a military force can attain objectives of value. Through these cyber avenues of approach, military forces can engage, vet, organize, and direct human agents to accomplish specific activities. Although the objectives of these activities could differ from traditional military objectives, they still have military relevance. This particular manifestation of cyber conflict is neither a new domain of war nor something outside of warfare. Rather, it can be viewed as an emerging avenue of approach in the larger context of military operations, auguring benefits in the integration of cyber activities with operations.     

Democratic control of Romanian intelligence after three decades: quis custodiet ipsos custodes?

ABSTRACT

Romania faced one of the most dramatic transitions from authoritarian communism to become a democracy and a member of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). The backbone of building a democratic society has been civilian control of the military. This article briefly describes the norms and institutions of democratic control of the intelligence services in Romania and assesses how the mechanisms of democratic control have worked in practice after almost three decades of reform. We argue that many of the post-1989 reforms have been only superficial implemented and monitored, particularly after Romania joined NATO and the EU. The article concludes that the democratic control of intelligence in Romania is an unfinished business. There are structural shortcomings embedded in the process of democracy consolidation that need to be addressed.     

智能化计量管理信息系统设计及应用价值

针对当前军事计量管理信息系统数据类型复杂、可扩展性差和智能化程度低等问题,提出了一种基于大数据的智能化计量管理信息系统。在给出系统总体架构的基础上,介绍了系统实现的关键技术和计量大数据应用价值等内容,该系统的开发和应用,可实现军事计量业务辅助决策、测试设备健康状况分析及质量预测,对推动军事计量技术的提升与发展具有重要意义。     

智能时代的军事训练变革

随着智能技术的发展,人类已逐步迈入智能时代,而智能时代催生了军事训练变革。本文从智能技术影响军事训练典型领域的角度,分析了智能时代背景下,以大数据和人工智能为核心的智能技术,如何影响军事训练的理念、内容、方式及管理,并催生了这些领域的变革。研究表明,智能时代发展背景下,军事训练理念将更加先进,训练内容更加融合,训练方式更加有效,训练管理更加精准。     

Bringing Military Conduct out of the Shadow of Law: Towards a Holistic Understanding of Rules of Engagement

In this article, I outline a holistic approach to the military concept of “Rules of Engagement” (ROE), which complements the legal aspects of ROE with considerations of operational and political requirements for the use of military force. Drawing upon two illustrative cases from the US military experience with the use of ROE, I demonstrate that ROE for any particular military operation should be formulated to balance optimally, if not harmonize fully, the legal, operational and political concerns related to the use of force. In this task, political decision-makers and military practitioners alike are confronted with unavoidable and real-life dilemmas. How these dilemmas are handled has significant implications for how legal requirements concerning accountability and concerns for civilian lives in military combat can be preserved through ROE.     

信息化条件下基于大数据的后装一体化保障构想

由于契约的不完全性、专用性资产的存在,导致民企参军的谈判过程中,一方可能利用另一方因专用性资产投资的锁定效应,而采取机会主义行为将另一方套牢,攫取可占用专用性准租金。这种套牢风险不是单向的,而是双向的,双向套牢风险的存在不仅会降低军品科研生产项目建设质量,而且还会严重挫伤民营企业承担军品科研生产任务的积极性。为有效防范双向套牢风险,本文将从博弈论的角度,建立民营企业与军队采办部门的期望收益与专用性资产投资的函数关系和博弈矩阵,分阶段讨论民营企业与军队采办部门所面临的套牢风险大小及各自的最佳行为选择。以降低民企参军面临的套牢风险,引导更多优势民营企业进入军品科研生产与维修领域,推动军民融合的深度发展。     

军事伪装技术研究现状及发展趋势分析

随着侦察监视技术和察打一体技术的快速发展,现代战争中战场的透明度越来越高,军事目标的生存面临严重威胁,伪装防护是保证武器装备战场生存能力的重要前提。回顾了伪装技术萌芽、起步、发展、成熟的应用历程,系统梳理了隐身、遮蔽、迷彩、示假等伪装技术的发展现状,分析认为未来伪装技术将朝着多频谱兼容、智能自适应、一体化设计的方向发展,对军事目标伪装技术的研究发展具有重要的参考和借鉴价值。