Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

重塑军队作战力量体系的几点思考

作战力量体系是一个国家军事力量体系的核心组成部分。近些年通过深化国防和军队改革,我军军事力量体系宏观上发生了脱胎换骨的变化,接下来到了对作战力量体系进行重塑的攻坚阶段,本文结合当前作战力量体系发展的一些特点和建设存在的短板,提出了重塑我军作战力量体系的决策建议。      

浅谈军校学员的心理素质教育

军校学员心理健康状况不容乐观,把心理素质教育纳入军校德育等领域已形成一定的共识.应注意结合学员身心实际及职业要求,重视探讨和研究心理素质教育的内容、途径和方法等.     

Impacts of logistics information on sales: Evidence from Alibaba

Facing fierce competition from rivals, sellers in online marketplaces are eager to improve their sales by delivering items faster and more reliably. Because logistics quality can be known only after a transaction, sellers must identify effective ways to communicate logistics information to consumers. Drawing on the accessibility-diagnosticity framework, we theorize that the sales impacts of logistics information depend on its relative diagnostic value. Using data on 1493 items with 505,785 consumer reviews from an online marketplace, we examine how sales are affected by three information sources for logistics services: online word of mouth (WOM) about logistics, self-reported logistics services, and expected delivery time. We use an instrumental variable method to address the endogeneity issue between sales and WOM. We find that, ceteris paribus, consumers give more weight to WOM about logistics and delivery time when they make purchase decisions but less weight to self-reported logistics service. The effects of logistics information on sales are asymmetric for large and small sellers.     

从装备思维与军事实践互动关系看装备科研工作内涵、地位与作用

装备思维是人类智慧的结晶和科技文明产物,它反映一定时期人们对于装备设计的理念,也反映了该时期主流军事战略的思维方式。本文对军事装备涉及的论证、研制、试验、鉴定和使用等环节进行梳理,从装备思维与实践互动关系探讨装备科研工作的内涵、地位和作用。     

论我国地方国家机关的军事立法权

我国地方国家机关享有国防职权和立法权,有权就国防事务制定地方性军事法规和地方性军事规章。地方国家机关的军事立法权既有法律依据,也有存在的必要性。但地方军事立法的内容是有限的,不应涉及军事行动和军队管理事项。     

军事立法技术新解

军事立法技术是军事立法学和军事立法实践的基本要素之一,而军事立法技术的基本问题,则是军事立法技术研究的逻辑起点。从军事立法技术的概念、与一般立法技术的关系、运用的基本原则等方面,对军事立法技术进行简要分析。     

军内行政执法主体研究

军内行政执法主体是指依法享有军内行政执法权的组织。但是,在理论上如何界定军内行政执法主体的范围？军内行政执法主体之间的相互关系如何界定？军内行政执法主体之间的职权在宏观上如何划分？这便是本文所要探讨的问题。     

军事期刊版式设计理念的重塑

目前军事期刊版式设计缺乏系统理念,同类期刊同质,缺乏独特风格,缺乏表现形式和阅读感觉雷同等问题,没有形成系统的设计理念。军事期刊应该重塑版式设计理念,把版式设计体现和融入军事期-Tq的整体形象设计系统之中,追求体现军事期刊个性的创新并综合考量信息集群的收集和融合。     

Capacitated warehouse location model with risk pooling

In this article, we introduce the capacitated warehouse location model with risk pooling (CLMRP), which captures the interdependence between capacity issues and the inventory management at the warehouses. The CLMRP models a logistics system in which a single plant ships one type of product to a set of retailers, each with an uncertain demand. Warehouses serve as the direct intermediary between the plant and the retailers for the shipment of the product and also retain safety stock to provide appropriate service levels to the retailers. The CLMRP minimizes the sum of the fixed facility location, transportation, and inventory carrying costs. The model simultaneously determines warehouse locations, shipment sizes from the plant to the warehouses, the working inventory, and safety stock levels at the warehouses and the assignment of retailers to the warehouses. The costs at each warehouse exhibit initially economies of scale and then an exponential increase due to the capacity limitations. We show that this problem can be formulated as a nonlinear integer program in which the objective function is neither concave nor convex. A Lagrangian relaxation solution algorithm is proposed. The Lagrangian subproblem is also a nonlinear integer program. An efficient algorithm is developed for the linear relaxation of this subproblem. The Lagrangian relaxation algorithm provides near‐optimal solutions with reasonable computational requirements for large problem instances. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008