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391.
随着现代工业的发展和职责分工的细化,当前统筹图的单层结构存在不适应多级关系、不灵活组织协作、不高效重组任务等问题。研究当前典型任务之间的关联关系,发现多任务之间主要有前后置、主分支和父子3种关联关系,进而采用嵌套结构支撑复杂统筹图的拓展,提出一种多级结构的改进统筹图。根据网络图最短路径的动态规划思路,依次对复杂任务的关键线路进行调整优化,提高多级统筹图对复杂任务的组织能力和完成效率。案例在不额外增加资源消耗的前提下,通过任务节点的分支构建和父子拆解,任务执行时间由11 h减少到8 h,说明改进的多级统筹图能够处理好复杂任务的多级关系,降低任务的时间消耗。  相似文献   
392.
    
We present a stochastic optimization model for allocating and sharing a critical resource in the case of a pandemic. The demand for different entities peaks at different times, and an initial inventory for a central agency are to be allocated. The entities (states) may share the critical resource with a different state under a risk-averse condition. The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID-19 pandemic by FEMA to different U.S. states. Findings suggest that if less than 60% of the ventilator inventory is available for non-COVID-19 patients, FEMA's stockpile of 20 000 ventilators (as of March 23, 2020) would be nearly adequate to meet the projected needs in slightly above average demand scenarios. However, when more than 75% of the available ventilator inventory must be reserved for non-COVID-19 patients, various degrees of shortfall are expected. In a severe case, where the demand is concentrated in the top-most quartile of the forecast confidence interval and states are not willing to share their stockpile of ventilators, the total shortfall over the planning horizon (until May 31, 2020) is about 232 000 ventilator days, with a peak shortfall of 17 200 ventilators on April 19, 2020. Results are also reported for a worst-case where the demand is at the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval. An important finding of this study is that a central agency (FEMA) can act as a coordinator for sharing critical resources that are in short supply over time to add efficiency in the system. Moreover, through properly managing risk-aversion of different entities (states) additional efficiency can be gained. An additional implication is that ramping up production early in the planning cycle allows to reduce shortfall significantly. An optimal timing of this production ramp-up consideration can be based on a cost-benefit analysis.  相似文献   
393.
ABSTRACT

As the First World War came to an end, the U.S. Navy's leadership engaged in a bitter fight over the “lessons” of the war. Admiral William S. Sims and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels fought against each other's irreconcilable positions. Sims argued that the Navy Department's inexpert civilian secretary had hamstrung mobilisation, impeded the anti-submarine campaign, and ostracised capable officers in favour of friends upon whom he bestowed medals. Daniels countered that his administration had masterfully responded to the crisis of war. The Navy's record, Daniels insisted, could best be summarised as “a great job greatly done.” Only disloyal nit-pickers could find fault in its accomplishments. The Sims-Daniels controversy raged in congressional hearings, the press, and in partisan histories written by the protagonists. The heart of the dispute and its uncertain resolution rested in radically different understandings of American civil–military relations, naval heroism, and the determinants of victory.  相似文献   
394.
    
ABSTRACT

The paper summarises the evolution of the iron triangle of the mutual relationships amongst the ministry of defence, defence industry, and the political elite in the post-communist Czech Republic in 1990-2020. The essay stresses the oddness of this relationship. On the one hand, the government is bound by a partnership to the Defence and Security Industry Association of the Czech Republic (DSIA), a lobbying group of more than 100 organisations that conduct business in defence and security sector in Czechia. Yet, since its creation in 2000, this assemblage of industries within DSIA's market position is falling, in fact. Neither political parties in power, nor the governments have been able to support national defence industry through the small military. Just a few DSIA national members are able to compete internationally with their cutting-edge products. Others have evolved into middlemen trading intime-expired Czechoslovak equipment retired from the Czech Armed Forces.  相似文献   
395.
在我军的革命初期,曾经历过一些挫败,当时部分红军指战员对中国革命的前景感到很悲观。在这紧要关头,毛泽东提出了“星星之火,可以燎原”的鲜明观点,对中国革命的未来做出了准确的判断。从军事语言角度来看,《星星之火,可以燎原》也很具有特色。  相似文献   
396.
唐克  袁友萍 《国防科技》2017,38(1):082-088
韩国自20世纪80年代以来积极推进系统性军事改革,特别是卢武铉政府的《国防改革基本计划2006-2020》,充分吸收先前改革经验教训,通过法制化实现了此后历届政府的继承与坚持,引领着韩军当前及未来的建设方向。韩国当前军事改革在主动适应国际新军事变革发展潮流的同时,充分结合自身实际,在作战思想、指挥体系、编制体制、国防管理等各领域均表现出较强的针对性,致力于实现部队的减员增效和均衡发展,推动自主国防建设,提升应对朝鲜军事威胁的能力。同时,韩军在改革过程中,也暴露作战能力受到质疑、军费预算跟进不足,兵源难以为继等系列问题,成为影响韩国军事改革实施进度和最终成效的不确定因素。  相似文献   
397.
黄集骧 《国防科技》2017,38(5):001-003
发展战区军事职业教育培养联合军官,是加强联合作战指挥人才建设、实现军事人才现代化、推进联合作战指挥体系建设的重要内容。文章针对当前面临的矛盾问题,围绕加快发展战区军事职业教育、下大力培育联合军官提出了顶层设计、优化内容体系、拓宽实践渠道、激发队伍活力。  相似文献   
398.
ZHANG Xiao 《国防科技》2018,39(1):005-008
党的十九大报告把军民融合发展战略作为七大国家战略之一,明确提出要\"更加注重军民融合\"。必须将交通领域军民融合视作整个军民融合深度发展的重要突破口,建设军民融合大交通体系。提出以新形势下军事战略方针为统揽,以军民深度融合为途径,聚焦保障军队打赢,大力推进民用交通设施工具贯彻要求;依托国家路网基础,大力推进军地交通运输网络统筹纳入;强化应战应急一体,大力推进各种交通力量建设互补衔接;着眼战略投送能力,大力推进军民交通物流体系有机结合。  相似文献   
399.
    
We formulate and solve a discrete‐time path‐optimization problem where a single searcher, operating in a discretized three‐dimensional airspace, looks for a moving target in a finite set of cells. The searcher is constrained by maximum limits on the consumption of one or more resources such as time, fuel, and risk along any path. We develop a specialized branch‐and‐bound algorithm for this problem that uses several network reduction procedures as well as a new bounding technique based on Lagrangian relaxation and network expansion. The resulting algorithm outperforms a state‐of‐the‐art algorithm for solving time‐constrained problems and also is the first algorithm to solve multi‐constrained problems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010  相似文献   
400.
针对军事通信网的应用环境和业务流传输的特殊性,考虑节点类型以及节点之间的相互关系,将节点按功能分为侦察节点、处理节点、指控节点、行动节点、传输节点五类节点。根据军事通信网信息流传输的特点,改进了传统的网络介数基本概念,定义了符合军事通信网特征的节点和链路重要度的新指标。最后,通过实例对军事通信网的节点重要度进行仿真计算,画出了所有节点重要度柱状分布图。  相似文献   
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