Pricing and inventory management during new product introduction when shortage creates hype

In this study, we analyze the joint pricing and inventory management during new product introduction when product shortage creates additional demand due to hype. We develop a two‐period model in which a firm launches its product at the beginning of the first period, before it observes sales in the two periods. The product is successful with an exogenous probability, or unsuccessful with the complementary probability. The hype in the second period is observed only when the product is successful. The firm learns the actual status of the product only after observing the first‐period demand. The firm must decide the stocking level and price of the product jointly at the beginning of each of the two periods. In this article, we derive some structural properties of the optimal prices and inventory levels, and show that (i) firms do not always exploit hype, (ii) firms do not always increase the price of a successful product in the second period, (iii) firms may price out an unsuccessful product in the first period if the success probability is above a threshold, and (iv) such a threshold probability is decreasing in the first‐period market potential of the successful product. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 304–320, 2015     

Smart Power and Military Force: An Introduction

Abstract

Smart power is comprised of two elements: the quest for building society among states and between states and non-state actors; as well as the desire for cleaner forms of power projection. This special issue explores how states continue to fumble over achieving the optimum mix of hard and soft power across several country cases and themed articles. This set of contributions suggests that smart power is not unlike a ‘Swiss Army Knife’ analogy: multifunctional and challenging to choose the right combination of ideational and material tools.     

军事联盟的形成机制与对策

国家间的对抗与合作是国际关系中的最常见的问题,通过引入博弈论中的讨价还价模型和差分方程,分析了联盟的形成机制,并对三国合作、三国竞争以及三国部分合作对抗的情况进行了比较,通过数值仿真对模型分析过程进行了验证,仿真结果表明,不同类型国家的策略选择对博弈结果影响很大,研究内容较好地揭示了国家间矛盾与利益的变化规律,为深入理解国际关系提供了参考。     

火控系统故障预测与健康管理技术

故障预测和健康管理(PHM)技术具有故障诊断、故障预测以及健康管理的功能,对降低火控装备维修成本、增强火控系统的完备性以及提高火控系统管理效率具有重要意义。根据通用火控系统发展现状及应用需求,将PHM技术引入到火控系统中。首先介绍了PHM技术原理和国内外发展现状,重点讨论了PHM关键技术和通用火控系统PHM体系结构。最后展望了火控系统PHM技术的发展趋势。     

基于品质度量的移动Ad Hoc网络分层密钥管理优化技术

提出了一个分布式的基于品质度量的分层密钥优化管理机制。该机制通过动态选择高品质的节点作为PKG来增强移动Ad Hoc网络的安全性,并将网络生存时间最大化。节点的选择可以归结为随机(restless bandit)问题,并且将密钥更新过程分为在线和离线两个部分,从而降低了计算复杂性。仿真结果表明,该机制可增强网络的安全性和将网络生存时间最大化,非常适合移动自组网的应用要求。     

“Respect” as a personal attribute in the British Army

This article describes the results of research into the social phenomenon of “respect” as framed by junior members of the British Army, as part of a wider study into the Values and Standards of the British Army. This research was interview based, using qualitative analysis software to detect, manage, and draw conclusions from the qualitative data recorded in those interviews. The data indicated that the primary situation in which “respect” was visualised by the participants was the unit context, and that it comprised a combination of three different strands: respect for rank or “hierarchical respect,” “professional respect” for a person's military competence, and “personal respect” for an individual's character, personal behaviour, and attributes. The overall respect that an individual is given arises from the combination of these three areas. “Respect” as a concept was, in the soldiers’ characterisation, something that had to be earned (except for the “given” represented by rank) and was not stable: a person's fund of respect could go up or down in social value. Respect was also linked to trust: the more respect a person had, the more they could be trusted. Although the unit context was the primary one for discussing their framing of the concept of respect, many of the participants reported a wider dimension in which every human being deserves a basic level of respect simply for being human, and this level could not be forfeited.     

基于领域本体的舰船装备维修保障知识表示研究

针对舰船装备维修保障领域维修保障知识缺乏有效统一管理、共享和重用程度低等问题,将领域本体理论引入维修保障知识管理中,提出了基于全寿命周期的舰船装备维修保障知识本体建模方法。分析舰船装备维修保障领域知识的来源、分类和构成,构建了装备维修保障领域的顶层本体及其概念关系。重点介绍了维修保障知识中故障案例知识的本体建模表示,并提出了基于预检索的全局故障案例知识检索算法,建立了原型系统并应用验证。结果表明:该方法能够解决目前维修保障知识管理中存在的问题,提高了知识检索效率。     

混合动力装甲车辆能量管理策略实时仿真

为解决混合动力装甲车辆多动力源输出优化匹配难题,针对一种具有3个动力源的混合动力系统中各动力源的输出特性和驱动电机功率需求特点,制定了具有双层结构的能量管理策略:顶层的系统功率分配策略完成负载功率估计及其在各动力源间的分配;底层的部件级控制策略实现发动机-发电机组和动力电池的优化控制。通过构建一种分布式硬件在环仿真平台对能量管理策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:混合动力系统能够很好地满足负载功率需求,实现了对多个目标的优化控制。     

Is strategic studies narrow? Critical security and the misunderstood scope of strategy

Critical security advocates commonly portray strategic studies as crippled by its narrow focus on Cold War-era military issues, as state-centric and as Western-centric. I argue that this conception of the scope of strategy is flawed and I offer a comprehensive rebuttal by working out the logic of the theories advanced by Carl von Clausewitz and Thomas Schelling. The proponents of critical security overlook the striking expansion of strategy during the Cold War, its longstanding inclusion of competing political actors not just states, as well as its capacity to put Western and non-Western actors in a common analytic frame. By breaking out of the conceptual jails in which strategy has been incarcerated, I seek to reconnect International Relations to strategic thought from which it has become increasingly estranged.