Retailer's rationale to refuse consumer returns in supply chains

While accepting consumer returns has long been proposed as a solution to resolve the consumer valuation uncertainty problem, there are still a sizable portion of retailers who insist on a “no return” policy. In this article, we offer an economic rationale for these seemingly unreasonable strategies in a supply chain context. We demonstrate when and why the retailer may benefit from refusing consumer returns, even though offering consumer returns allows the supply chain to implement the expostmarket segmentation. Granting the retailer the right to refuse consumer returns may sometimes improve supply chain efficiency: it eliminates the manufacturer's attempt to induce inefficient consumer returns and bring the equilibrium back to that in the vertically integrated benchmark. We also find that the refund and the retail price can move in the opposite directions when product reliability varies, and consumer returns have a nontrivial impact on the quality choice. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 686–701, 2015     

Smart Power and Military Force: An Introduction

Abstract

Smart power is comprised of two elements: the quest for building society among states and between states and non-state actors; as well as the desire for cleaner forms of power projection. This special issue explores how states continue to fumble over achieving the optimum mix of hard and soft power across several country cases and themed articles. This set of contributions suggests that smart power is not unlike a ‘Swiss Army Knife’ analogy: multifunctional and challenging to choose the right combination of ideational and material tools.     

不完全信息下军事威逼讨价还价博弈分析

在详细分析威慑与威逼区别的基础上,构建了不完全信息下军事威逼讨价还价博弈模型。按照最大期望效用准则,分析了不完全信息下军事威逼走向讨价还价阶段的条件,研究表明:运用鲁宾斯坦经典讨价还价唯一完美均衡解,得出以下结论:争夺目标自身的效用越大,战争带来的声誉得益效用越大,军事威逼走向讨价还价阶段的可能性越大;一旦进入讨价还价阶段,威逼者会接受挑战者提出的方案,冲突将不再发生。     

基于配置管理的软件维护性评估

对软件质量进行定量化管理是软件工程领域的趋势,也是软件质量保证的重要手段。针对软件维护性定量评估难、数据获取难的问题,分析了软件维护性受配置管理关键要素的影响,提出利用配置管理数据对软件维护性间接评估的方法。结合软件工程开发实际,建立了配置管理数据收集过程,利用维护时间作为参数,统计5类功能点维护时间对软件维护性进行度量,实现了软件维护性的定量评估,并利用实际项目对方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。     

Disaster management in case of CBRNe events: an innovative methodology to improve the safety knowledge of advisors and first responders

Nowadays, Chemical-Biological-Radiological-Nuclear-explosive (CBRNe) risks are one of the world's main safety concerns. The radiological disasters of Fukushima and Chernobyl, the chemical events of Seveso or the release of Sarin in the Tokyo Subway, the biological emergencies such as the H1N1 flu or the recent Ebola outbreak, and recent news about the availability of non-conventional weapons acquired by fundamentalist organisations represent evidence of potential future threats. CBRNe risks are a real and global threat. The University of Rome, Tor Vergata, in collaboration with the most important Italian and international bodies working in the field of CBRNe safety and security, and supported by the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, organises International Masters Courses on the Protection against CBRNe events. Within this framework, a Table-Top Exercise was planned, in collaboration with the Italian Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Defence. The scenario, the logistic organisation, on-going adjustments during the exercise and the outcomes are presented here and analysed.     

舰船研制的风险管理与合同形式分析

首先介绍了美国海军在舰船研制中常用的几种基本合同形式,然后对采用不同的合同形式时军地双方所承担的风险大小等问题进行了分析与讨论,最后针对风险分担给出了若干舰船采办合同形式的示例     

引入定向越野训练,提高学员综合素质

将定向越野训练引入军事地形学教学,激发学员的竞争意识与学习兴趣,改变单一的教学方式,将用图训练与体能训练相结合,提高训练的难度与强度,加强了课程的综合性,这一过程无论从理论或实践上,都为全面提高学员的军人综合素质、课程教学质量,深化教学改革打下了基础。     

智能悬挂物管理系统的设计与实现

随着作战飞机智能化的提高,对悬挂物管理智能化要求日益迫切,如何实现悬挂物管理的标准化与智能化,作者在文中给出了一种方案。这种方案可支持任何类型的挂物,而对飞机、悬挂物及接口硬件不需进行任何的改动,且在其基础上可方便地实现智能化、自动化管理,并在管理软件的实现上进行了仿真,证明了此方案的正确性和可行性。     

提高导弹系统仿真可信性的方法和途径

探讨了提高导弹系统仿真可信性的基本方法和实现途径。从４个方面着重考虑：加强模型校验管理;利用层次化方法进行建模与验模;基于一体化研究思想的建模与验模;加强模型的验证、确认和认定（ＶＶ＆Ａ）的具体方法研究。具有一定的理论意义和工程指导价值     

装甲车辆维修质量管理研究

结合维修改革试验试行资料和当前部队在维修方面存在的不足,从硬件和软件两部分,分析装甲车辆维修质量存在的问题及影响因素,提出加强维修理论教育,完善维修工艺标准,完善维修配套设施与设备,建立维修质量评估标准和数据信息系统的措施.